公文的签发人有什么要求
【案例】尴尬的“签发人”------(杨戎供稿)某单位办公室主任草拟了一份要求下属单位上报工作总结的通知，经局长签字后送交打印室。新来的打字员打印完无误后，主任嘱咐他次日上午交收发室盖章后送到各下属单位。第二天上午，主任发现桌上放着的“通知”居然多了“签发人”，而“签发人”正是自己的名字。当询问打字员原因时，他解释道：另一个打字员打的文件上就有“签发人”，所以在这份通知上也加上了。最后，虽然下发的通知收回了，但仍不时有下属单位的人调侃这位主任：什么时候能再看到你签发的文件？
【评析】
这个案例涉及公文生效的法定程序之一——签发。
1.根据《国家行政机关公文处理办法》的规定，“上行文应当注明签发人、会签人姓名”。《国家行政机关公文格式》（GB/T9704-1999）规定：“上报的公文需标识签发人姓名，平行排列于发文字号右侧。…如有多个签发人，主办单位签发人姓名置于第1行，其他签发人姓名从第2行起在主办单位签发人姓名之下按发文机关顺序依次顺排，下移红色反线，应使发文字号与最后一个签发人姓名处在同一行”。可见，签发人是上行文的必备格式。依据《国家行政机关公文处理办法》的规定，可以用作上行文的正式公文文种一般是“请示”、“报告”，有时上行的“意见”、报给上级机关备案的“会议纪要”等。而案例中的“通知”是下行文，无须标注签发人。
2. 签发人的作用在于表明机关发文的具体责任者，督导各级领导认真履行职责，提高并强化公文质量；并为上级机关在处理下级上报的公文时，上级领导人与下级单位负责人之间直接沟通、迅速查询有关问题提供方便。
3.鉴于签发人的作用，对上行文负有发文责任的是本单位的领导人，所以签发人只能标注领导人的姓名，而绝非办公室主任的名字。 <p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在公文写作中，公务员应当知道以下常见的批示用语：</span></p><h2 data-page-model="title" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 7px; font-weight: 100; font-size: 22px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 35px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(0, 187, 236); clear: both; border-top-color: rgb(0, 187, 236); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: url(http://mat1.gtimg.com/view/todayTopic/2013/aticletitBg.png); background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、署领导、办公厅主任签发文件</span></h2><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1．</strong></span>直接签发：签发人批示“发”、“同意”、“速发”等，签字并注明年月日；如不同意发文，可批示“不发”、“缓发”、“修改后重报”等，签字并注明年月日。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 2．</strong></span>请他人审阅后再发：签发人批示“请××阅后发”，签字并注明年月日。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 3．</strong></span>改请他人签发：在发文单“签发”栏之外批示“请××签发”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 4．</strong></span>请补充、修改后发：签发人批示需要补充或修改的意见后，先行签字并注明年月日，但这只适用于做简单补充修改的情况。如果需要做较多重大修改，则应批示退回办文单位重办。</p><h2 data-page-model="title" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 7px; font-weight: 100; font-size: 22px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 35px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(0, 187, 236); clear: both; border-top-color: rgb(0, 187, 236); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: url(http://mat1.gtimg.com/view/todayTopic/2013/aticletitBg.png); background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、请署领导签发文件</span></h2><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1．</strong></span>直接签发：“请××签发。”</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 2．</strong></span>请他人审阅后再报签发人签发：“请××（单位或个人）审阅并报××签发。”</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 3．</strong></span>先会签（复核）后签发：“请××（单位）会签（复核）并报××签发。”此项适用于各会签单位事先已经基本协调一致的情况。</p><h2 data-page-model="title" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 7px; font-weight: 100; font-size: 22px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 35px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(0, 187, 236); clear: both; border-top-color: rgb(0, 187, 236); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: url(http://mat1.gtimg.com/view/todayTopic/2013/aticletitBg.png); background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、请办公厅签发文件</span></h2><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1．</strong></span>直接签发：“请办公厅签发。”如确知主任在署内，也可直接批示“请××主任签发”、“请××同志签发”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 2．</strong></span>请他人审阅后再签发：“请××（单位或个人）审阅并请办公厅签发。”</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 3．</strong></span>先会签后签发：“请××（单位）会签并请办公厅签发。” 此项适用于会签单位事先已经基本协调一致的情况。办公厅签发文件即已包含自己的会签职能在内，无须在此处另外出现“请办公厅会签”字样。</p><h2 data-page-model="title" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 7px; font-weight: 100; font-size: 22px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 35px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(0, 187, 236); clear: both; border-top-color: rgb(0, 187, 236); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: url(http://mat1.gtimg.com/view/todayTopic/2013/aticletitBg.png); background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四、批示阅读文件</span></h2><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 认为需要送他人阅读的文件，通常批示“请××阅”、“请××、××阅”、“请××阅研”。如必要，可以注明送阅的理由或提出自己的意见、建议、要求。此类阅件通常不须回复意见。</p><h2 data-page-model="title" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 7px; font-weight: 100; font-size: 22px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 35px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(0, 187, 236); clear: both; border-top-color: rgb(0, 187, 236); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: url(http://mat1.gtimg.com/view/todayTopic/2013/aticletitBg.png); background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五、批示办理文件</span></h2><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1．</strong></span>对需要由上级作出批示的办件，可批示拟办意见“拟……，请××阅示”、“建议……，请××批示”；上级批复“同意”或其他意见。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2．</strong></span>对一般办件，通常批示“请××阅处”、“请××办理”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3．</strong></span>对需要研究的办件，通常批示“请××研办”、“请××提出意见”，也可以在批示中提出自己的意见。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4．</strong></span>对需要司外会商、会签的办件，通常批示“请商××办理”、“请××提出意见，并送××会签”、“请××办理，可先请××提出意见”；派出审计局送审的审计业务文书，可批示“请行政事业司审核，并送法制司复核”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5．</strong></span>对需要他人共同作出批示的办件，在自己作出批示后，可写“请××核批”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6．</strong></span>对有时限要求的办件，通常批示“请××于×年×月×日前研复”、“请××于×年×月×日前办结”。</p><h2 data-page-model="title" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 7px; font-weight: 100; font-size: 22px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 35px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(0, 187, 236); clear: both; border-top-color: rgb(0, 187, 236); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: url(http://mat1.gtimg.com/view/todayTopic/2013/aticletitBg.png); background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">六、批示送审文件</span></h2><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1．</span></strong>送审征求意见的文件，对上级通常批示“请××阅示”、“请××审示”；对平级或下级通常批示“请××审阅”、“请××阅改”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2．</span></strong>送审内容已经基本确定的文件，对上级通常批示“请××审定”，对平级或下级通常批示“请××审核”、“请××复核”。</p><h2 data-page-model="title" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 7px; font-weight: 100; font-size: 22px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 35px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(0, 187, 236); clear: both; border-top-color: rgb(0, 187, 236); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: url(http://mat1.gtimg.com/view/todayTopic/2013/aticletitBg.png); background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">七、批示会签文件</span></h2><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1．</strong></span>单方会签的，通常批示“请××会签”、“请××审签”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2．</strong></span>多方会签的，一般批示“请××、××、××会签”。</p><h2 data-page-model="title" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 7px; font-weight: 100; font-size: 22px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 35px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(0, 187, 236); clear: both; border-top-color: rgb(0, 187, 236); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: url(http://mat1.gtimg.com/view/todayTopic/2013/aticletitBg.png); background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">八、请示的结束语</span></h2><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1．</strong></span>请示由自己办理的事项，结束语通常为“请批复”、“请指示”、“妥否，请批示”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2．</strong></span>请示需要他人办理的事项，结束语可为“以上如可行，建议批转××办理”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（来源：党建网微平台）</p><div><br></div><p></p>
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