跟贾陆英学《论语》里仁篇第6、7章
本帖最后由 石子云 于 2014-8-3 10:37 编辑 <br /><br /><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">跟贾陆英学《论语》里仁篇第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 22pt;">6</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 22pt;">7</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">章</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><st1:chsdate year="2014" month="7" day="20" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">7</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">20</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">下午</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">3</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">30</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">分，《</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">论语</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">札记》作者贾陆英老师在老秘网</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">重温经典读书会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”QQ</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">群</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">49231471</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">里面，就《论语》里仁篇第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">6</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">7</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">章进行了讲解，具体内容整理如下。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">一、原文释义<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">第</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">6</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">章：</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">原文：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">子曰：“我未见好仁者、恶不仁者。好仁者，无以尚之；恶不仁者，其为仁矣，不使不仁者加乎其身。有能一日用其力于仁矣乎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">我未见力不足者。盖有之矣，我未之见也。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">注释：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">好（音</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">hào</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">号）：喜爱；</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">恶（音</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">wù</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">误）：憎恨，讨厌。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">尚：动词，超过之意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">矣：同也，表示停顿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">盖：副词，大概之意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">译文：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">孔子说：“我未曾见到过爱好仁德的人和厌恶不仁的人。爱好仁德的人，是再好不过的了；厌恶不仁的人，他行仁德，不让不仁的东西加到自己身上。有人能把他一天的力量都用在修仁行仁上吗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">我没有见过力量不够的。大概力量不足的人还是有的，我没有见过罢了。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">第</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">7</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">章：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 31.2pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">原文：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">子曰：“人之过也，各于其党。观过，斯知仁矣。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 31.2pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">注释：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">党：乡党，指不同类型的人，他们所犯错误的类</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 32pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: -32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">型也不同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 31.9pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">观：观看、考察。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 31.9pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">过：过错。仁：同“人”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 31.9pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">译文：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">孔子说：“人的过错，各有各的类型。观察某人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 32pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: -32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">所犯的错误，就可以知道他是什么类型的人了。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">二、仁德修养<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">问：怎样理解“我未见好仁者，恶不仁者”？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">答：孔子认为，好仁者无以尚之；恶不仁者不使不仁者加乎其身。他们都达到了仁德的很高境界，所以难得见到。好与恶，存乎一心。其心好仁，必然恶不仁；其心恶不仁，也必然好仁。好仁者与恶不仁者，没有本质上的区别，也没有必要仔细区分。若区分，只在其个性特征上，好仁者内敛，恶不仁者锋芒毕露而已。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">问：怎样理解“有能一日用其力于仁矣乎<span lang="EN-US">?</span>我未见力不足者”？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">答：一个人，达到仁的高境界虽然并非易事，但是，只要肯用其力于仁德的修养，便可用一天力而见一天功，只要用力就可达到，问题只在没有用力。孔子之所以说“未见力不足者”，就是感叹世人不明为仁之方。为仁之方，主要在于自己内心之好恶，果能真心好仁而恶不仁，则此心已达于仁，岂有力不足之患？孔子说：“为仁由己，而由人乎哉？”（《论语·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">颜渊》）也是强调仁德的修养和实行，完全在于自己。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">这一章包括两小节。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">第一节，“我未见好仁者、恶不仁者。好仁者，无以尚之；恶不仁者，其为仁矣，不使不仁者加乎其身。”孔子指出了“好仁者”与“恶不仁者”的不同个性特征，并通过“我未见”三个字告诉人们，“仁者”是一个很高的标准，孔子从不轻易许人以“仁”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">第二节，“有能一日用其力于仁矣乎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">我未见力不足者。盖有之矣，我未之见也。”孔子又告诉人们，修养仁德，主要在于内心的好恶。一个人，只要有了明确的是非善恶标准，一心向善，那么，用一天力就会见一天功。如此坚持不懈地努力下去，就有可能达到“仁者”的高标准。因此孔子说：“我未见力不足者。”孟子也说过：“人皆可以为尧舜。”（《孟子·告子下》）他从“性善论”出发，鼓励人人向善，个个都可以有所作为，更加明确地阐述了孔子之意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">以上两节是一个问题的两个方面，是辩证的统一。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">修养仁德，个人的主观努力是至关重要的。今天，我们要树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，要使社会主义核心价值观在头脑中扎根，最关键的，依然是个人的主观努力。习近平总书记在“五四”青年节的讲话中指出：“我为什么要对青年讲讲社会主义核心价值观这个问题？是因为青年的价值取向决定了未来整个社会的价值取向，而青年又处在价值观形成和确立的时期，抓好这一时期的价值观养成十分重要。这就像穿衣服扣扣子一样，如果第一粒扣子扣错了，剩余的扣子都会扣错。人生的扣子从一开始就要扣好。‘凿井者，起于三寸之坎，以就万仞之深。’青年要从现在做起、从自己做起，使社会主义核心价值观成为自己的基本遵循，并身体力行大力将其推广到全社会去。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">总书记以“穿衣服扣扣子”作比喻，把青年的价值观养成形容为人生的“第一粒扣子”。他语重心长地警示青年：“如果第一粒扣子扣错了，剩余的扣子都会扣错。人生的扣子从一开始就要扣好。”并要求大家“从现在做起、从自己做起”，他在这里强调的，同样是个人主观努力的重要性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">仁德不是与生俱来的，也不是一成不变的，坚守仁德，要靠长期的历练和持之以恒的修养。孔子感叹“我未见力不足者”，就是勉励人们把道德修养作为一种自觉追求，作为一个终生课题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">加强仁德修养的自觉性，一要以学修德，以俭养德，以廉守德。二要自省吾身，克己慎行，养成良好的生活作风和健康的生活情趣，低调做人，踏实做事，不断提高自己的综合素养。三要廉洁自律，防微杜渐，警钟长鸣，常修为政之德，常思贪欲之害，常怀律己之心，在思想上筑牢拒腐防变的坚固防线。四要艰苦奋斗，勤奋努力，不怕困难，勇挑重担，决不贪图安逸，决不裹足不前，决不失去锐气。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">仁究竟是什么呢？孔子所论的仁是包含着许多德行的。爱人是仁；孝悌是仁；恭、宽、信、敏、惠是仁；“己所不欲，勿施于人”是仁；“己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”也是仁……总之，仁是一种爱人利人，与人相亲的美德。从个人的修养，到待人处事之道，以至政治事功的表现，都是仁的作用，都属仁的范畴。由此可见，仁涵摄众德，众德都是仁的表现；它是圆满人格的体现，也是道德实践的极致。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">仁是一个抽象的概念，很难从字义训诂上去寻求解答。通常的解答是：仁，从人从二，是指人与人的关系。这样的解答依然是很抽象的。所以孔子论仁的方法，不是从理论出发，也不曾给仁下一个确切的定义。只是说何者是仁，何者不是仁；仁者如何，不仁者如何。因此常使我们感觉到仁好像很容易把握，却又很令人费解。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">孔子是一个教师，仁的思想是在他与弟子的问答中说出的，弟子的个性不同，问题不同，所需要的指导也不同，因此，孔子往往因人、因时、因地、因事之不同而异其说。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">我未见好仁者、恶不仁者。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">——为什么说没见过呢？是因为好仁者和恶不仁者不常见吗？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">是因为这样的人，太难得了，所以难见。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">好仁者，喜爱仁的人；恶不仁者，厌恶不仁的人。这样理解对吗？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">可以。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">好仁者内敛，恶不仁者锋芒毕露。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">——有点像咱们群，好仁者的着眼点在推行仁。恶不仁者的着眼点在禁止不仁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">个性不同，本质一样。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">就像我们的政府职能部门，有制度约束部门，有执法管理部门。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">好仁者与恶不仁者，没有本质上的区别，也没有必要仔细区分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">——和咱们平时说的善有什么区分呢？爱好仁德不一定就能修成仁者，嫉恶如仇也不一定就成为恶不仁者。这一段其实就是讲本心若有仁，便能离好仁、恶不仁越来越近？</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">是的。关键在于，要以仁德为标准，有了这个标准，二者的区别就没有本质上的，只有个性的不同了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">无以尚之。好仁者和恶不仁者，两者是仁者吗？是“仁”心两个不同的表现方式。好仁、恶不仁是达到仁之前的阶段或者等级。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">二者都是仁者。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">好仁、恶不仁是达到仁之前的阶段或者等级。——二者都是仁者。因为他们是仁者，才会有两种表现？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">有两种表现，是因为他们个性特征不同。好仁者内敛，恶不仁者锋芒毕露。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">修身主要靠自己的主观能动性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">一个人，只要有了明确的是非善恶标准，一心向善，那么，用一天力就会见一天功。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">——解答了我的疑惑。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">这一段讲与己修身，内心明确善恶标准，自己好仁，自然关注仁的一方面，自己的行为就以仁为主。自己的性格恶不仁，见到不仁的事物就很嫉恶如仇，就不想让自己恶的行为加诸己身。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">是的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">贾老以前讲过仁的标准吗，可否略微指点一下？有的时候自己觉得对的，别人未必觉得对。可是我认为仁德应该是有一个绝对的标准的。社会主义核心价值观的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">24</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">个字可否认为都是仁呢？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">是的，说到底都是仁的体现。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">群里发生过这样的事：对于打扰贾老讲课的人，不予理会，给与包容是“仁”的表现，出声制止此种行为的是“恶不仁”的表现，这样认为对与否？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">恶不仁是执法机关，违法必究。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">愚以为两者应该一样吧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">老猫</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">好仁在于内心修养，不需对外标榜。那么恶不仁，是不是一定要需要通过自己的言行举止表现出来呢？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">就其个性特征而言，是这样的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">老猫</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">再问，恶不仁与见义勇为两者有何联系与区别？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">不尽相同，一是止过错，一是拔刀相助。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">恶——厌恶，心情上的？见义勇为——已经落实到行动上了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">——斯岸是这个意思吗？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">同意。恶不仁有制止的意思。见义勇为是仁者最低的要求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">仁者、恶不仁者都会见义勇为。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">老猫</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">不好意思，再追问，网络上对一些事件的旁观者，口诛笔伐。但真正自己面对时，又不一定挺身而也，这种情况算是恶不仁吗？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">不能算。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">三、交友之道<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">问：为什么说“观过，斯知仁矣”？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">答：宗法社会中的乡党，在现代社会也就是人际关系。物以类聚，人以群分。人的错误总是在一定的社会环境影响下发生的。因此，观察某人所犯的错误，就可以知道他是什么类型的人。同样地，在分析某人所犯错误时，还应当指出产生错误的社会原因，孔子及儒家十分重视君子的交友之道。这一点，在《论语》中多处提及，应认真领会。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">我们看看如今那些触犯党纪国法的人，几乎无一例外地都与交友不慎有关。因此，学会交友是一篇大文章。人在社会生活中，是不能没有朋友的。有了问题，需要和朋友一起切磋、商量；有了困难，需要朋友间互相关心、互相帮助。朋友之间，还可以互相学习，互相鼓励，共同进步。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">然而，交友一定要慎重。孔子指出了君子的交友之道，他说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">益者三友，损者三友。友直，友谅，友多闻，益矣。友便辟，友善柔，友便佞，损矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">（《论语·季氏》）这就是说，交友有益亦有损，要有所选择。如果交了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">"</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">益友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">"</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，他能帮助你进步；如果交了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">"</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">损友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">"</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，这可以是你堕落的开始。孔子告诫说，与正直的人交友，与诚实守信的人交友，与见闻广博的人交友，是有益的。与谄媚事上、拍马逢迎的人交友，与两面三刀、玩弄阴谋的人交友，与夸夸其谈、巧言令色的人交友，是有害的。这些忠告，对于当今社会的人们，仍然具有重要的警示意义。尤其是处于执政地位、掌握一定权力的领导干部，以及各级公务员，往往是别有用心的人进攻的对象，在交友上更应慎之又慎。君不见，那些误入歧途的领导干部，一个个不都是栽倒在狐朋狗友或石榴裙下的吗？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">那么，我们到底该怎样交友呢？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">首先，要端正自己的价值观。为什么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">人之过也，各于其党</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">？原因就是物以类聚，人以群分。有什么样的价值观，就会有什么样的需要，而这种需要就会使你去结交某一类型的朋友。其实，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">人之贤也</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，同样是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">各于其党</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">。只有端正自己的价值观，才能善择友，择益友。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">其次，要提高自己的识别能力。古人说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">人之相知，贵在知心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">要识人，就要透过现象看本质。有些人经常指出朋友的缺点错误，虽然有时听起来使人不那么舒服，但是这种朋友可能是有益的；有些人总是能投其所好，甜言蜜语，使人感到接近，但是这种朋友也可能是有害的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">第三，要在志同道合的基础上结交朋友。孔子说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">道</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">不同，不相为谋。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">（《论语·卫灵公》）志同道合是建立、巩固和发展朋友关系最重要的纽带。和志同道合的人交朋友，才能在生活、工作、事业中互相帮助，共同进步。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">习近平总书记鼓励干部广交朋友，尤其是到基层交朋友。但是，他也提醒广大干部说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">面对纷繁的物质利益</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">,</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">要做到君子之交淡如水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">,‘</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">官</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">’‘</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">商</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">’</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">交往要有道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">,</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">相敬如宾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">,</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">而不要勾肩搭背、不分彼此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">,</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">要划出公私分明的界限。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">网上曾广为流传习近平与贾大山交往的故事。河北作协副主席李春雷撰文，从中概括了习近平交友的六个特点：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">君子之交淡如水。（贾大山）邀请过几次，他（习近平）总是笑笑说，君子之交淡如水，我们每次都喝茶水，已经够奢侈了，何必要喝酒呢。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">举贤不避亲友。非党人士贾大山，从文化局下属的文化馆副馆长，连升三级，直接上任文化局局长。正定历史上，这是绝无仅有的！谁举荐的？正是习近平。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">有了新朋友，不忘老朋友。大山说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">近平在南方的工作越来越繁重了，但他没有忘记正定，没有忘记大山。每遇故人，都要捎来问候。每年春节，都要寄来贺卡。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">朋友之交贵相知。大山说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">虽然第一次见面，但我们却像多年不见的朋友，有说不完的话题，表不尽的情谊。临别时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">……</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">我劝他留步，他像没听见似的。就这样边走边说，竟一直把我送到机关门口。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">5.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">朋友之交贵平等。贾大山年长近平</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">11</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">岁，近平级别比大山高，但二人犹如兄弟，深夜里，时常踩着对方肩膀翻墙头。这时，近平蹲下身去，示意大山上去。大山不知所措，却又别无选择，只得手把栏杆，小心翼翼地踩上肩膀。近平缓缓地站起来，像是一台坚实的起重机，托起了大山。大山练过功夫，身手矫健，双手一撑，噌地一下，便翻越而过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">……<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">6.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">肝胆相照，辉映你我。作者文末点题：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">哦，朋友，朋友，两心如月，冰清玉洁，肝胆相照，辉映你我。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”<br></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">习与贾的交往，对当下我们交朋友，尤其党员干部交朋友，很有启发。真正冰清玉洁，肝胆相照，互相尊重，方才能成长久朋友。因为利益、权势而交朋友，不会长远。多少官员都是交友不慎而误入歧途。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">《人民网》也有一篇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">从习近平与贾大山</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">君子之交</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">’</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">看干部如何交友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">的文章，摘要如下：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">马克思的那句名言：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">人生离不开友谊，但要得到真正的友谊才是不容易；友谊总需要忠诚去播种，用热情去灌溉，用原则去培养，用谅解去护理。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">习近平和贾大山之间的交往为所有人，尤其是领导干部在如何交友方面实实在在做出了榜样。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">用忠诚播种。士为知己者死。各级领导干部必须懂得</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">择善而交</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，要知道，交一些真正的忠诚之士才是正道。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">用热情灌溉。习近平和贾大山这种假装不来的热情是非常有生命力的。而那种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">权钱交易</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">权色交易</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">中的所谓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">友谊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，很快便会走向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">死亡</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">。因此，必须懂得真正的热情如水一般清澈，不掺任何杂质；真正的热情如火一般温暖，会在你最需要的时候出现。如此，友谊才能天长地久。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">用原则培养。（习与贾的）君子之交，让我们看到了一种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">原则</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">在里面。这种原则是自我约束，并不把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">友谊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">庸俗化；这种原则是头脑清醒，注重的是心灵的沟通；这种原则是时刻保鲜，不让友谊变质。若领导干部分不清良莠，结交的尽是些善于谄媚逢迎的人，花言巧语的人，则必然无法保证工作圈和生活圈的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">纯净</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，久而久之，丢掉了原则，丢掉了党性，最后丢掉的更是民心。因此，不论结交什么朋友，原则是关键，必不可忘。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">用谅解去护理。面对新来的县委副书记习近平，贾大山说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“‘</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">来了个嘴上没毛的管我们！</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">’”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">。但是，习近平并没有介意，依然笑容满面。过了一会，主人和客人已经握手言欢了。谅解，是友谊最好的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">护理液</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，唯有谅解，才能在豁达中找到真正的知己；唯有谅解，才能在宽容中换取真心的接受；唯有谅解，才能在时间的考验中看清楚谁是名副其实的朋友。各级领导干部更要学习这份心胸，莫要沉浸在溜须拍马中不可自拔，要明白，所需要的是认清自己的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">诤友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，诚信广博的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">益友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，而非表面奉承背后诽谤的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">损友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">久入鲍肆之室不闻其臭，久入芝兰之室不闻其香。交友是一个方面，最根本是仁德之心不够坚定，误入歧途。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">愚以为，当了一定级别的官员之后，想交到真心朋友不容易。</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">君子之交淡如水，水太便宜，交往不用水里了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">是的。交友是社会原因，客观原因。仁德之心不够坚定，是个人的主观原因。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">人之相知，贵在知心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">这样的人可遇不可求了。现在的价值理念多是建立在利益交换的基础上，能够互为对方提供利益，关系自然长久。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">生活节奏太快，没时间去完全看透一个人的内心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">一定要历练这样的能力，否则，悔之晚矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">曲高和寡这也是定律，像贾老这般能无私讲授国学的，赞同者多，同行者寥。交友也是看一个人的内心修为，如果能以提升内心境界为导向交友，交到的朋友一定高雅；如果以利益交换为目的，失去仁心，交到的朋友多是利益伙伴，不得交心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">交友也是看一个人的内心修为，如果能以提升内心境界为导向交友，交到的朋友一定高雅；如果以利益交换为目的，失去仁心，交到的朋友多是利益伙伴，不得交心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">是的，《论语》提倡以文会友，以德辅仁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">朋友暖心，不至于孤独。这就是志同道合的道理吧？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">三五百个电话联系单中，有一两知己足矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">老猫</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">益友难寻，知音难觅。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">有道是，人生得一知己足矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">是的。志同道合的朋友，才是最可靠的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">阿图</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">说到心里去人多是孤独的。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">零上七度晴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">寻志同道合者的基础得自己有强大的内心准则吧。随着岁月的流逝，周围的朋友换了一个又一个，有的自己消失不见了，有的被自己剔除去了，这是否说明我们在不断成长。真正留下来的便是一生一世的挚友。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英：</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">说明随着你的成长，你在寻找自己的真正朋友。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">斯岸</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">生活圈子固定下来之后，周围的交往也固定下来。新人进不来，自己不愿出去，所以少了很多朋友。所需要的是认清自己的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">诤友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，诚信广博的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">益友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">。能交到这样的朋友，是人生之福。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">小葵</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">个人修养以及阅历不断增加，对交友鉴别能力是有帮助的吧？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">思维睿智</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">和长者学习可明智理，和尊者学习可透人情，和智者学习可拓视野，和文者学习可睿思境。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">精辟。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">小葵</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">交友要有底线。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">近朱者赤，近墨者黑。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">让我们记住孔老夫子的话：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">人之过也，各于其党。观过，斯知仁矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">愿大家学会交友，交</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">诤友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，交</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">益友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，远离</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">损友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">；愿大家在与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">诤友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">益友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">的交往中互帮互学，携手共进。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">四、下节预告</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">原文：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">子曰：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">朝闻道，夕死可矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 31.9pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">注释：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">朝：早晨。闻：听到、得知。夕：傍晚。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 31.9pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">译文：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">孔子说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">我若在早上得知了人生之道，要我当</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">晚死去，都可以。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></p><p></p> @石子云：贾陆英:是的，《论语》提倡以文会友，以的辅仁。此句中“以的辅仁”应为“以德辅仁”，请予纠正。 贾陆英 发表于 2014-8-3 10:30@石子云：贾陆英:是的，《论语》提倡以文会友，以的辅仁。此句中“以的辅仁”应为“以德辅仁”，请予纠正。
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