整理一些有用的写作知识 :表述方式、修辞方法及表现手法
<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000"><b>一、表达方式共有四种</b></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">1、记叙<br>说明: 记叙人物的经历或事情的发生、发展、变化过程。<br>例句: “楼船夜雪瓜洲渡,铁马秋风大散关”(陆游《书愤》)<br>赏析 用叙述的方式写自己亲临抗金前线的值得纪念的往事。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">2、描写<br>说明: 用生动形象的语言对人物、事件、环境所作的具体描绘和刻画。<br>例句: “江月去人只数尺,风灯照夜欲三更。沙头宿鹭联拳静,船尾跳鱼拨剌鸣”(杜甫《漫成一首》)<br>赏析: 诗歌从水中月影写起,生动描写了白鹭曲着身子,恬静地夜宿在月照下的沙滩,船尾大鱼跃出水面,而发出拔刺的响声,一动一静构成了江上月夜宁静的美景。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">3、议论<br>说明: 对人和事物的好坏、是非、价值、特点、作用等所表示的意见。<br>例句: “不是花中偏爱菊,此花开尽更无花”(元稹《菊花》)<br>赏析: 这是诗的后两句,点出喜爱菊花的原因和对菊花历尽风霜而后凋的坚贞品格的赞美。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">4、抒情<br>说明: 表达作者强烈的爱憎、好恶、喜怒、爱乐等主观感情。有直接抒情,也有间接抒情。<br>例句 :“晨起动征铎,客行悲故乡。鸡声茅店月,人迹板桥霜。槲叶落山路,枳花明驿墙。因思杜陵梦,凫雁满回塘。”(温庭筠《商山早行》)<br>赏析: 首联中起句以时间、事件、环境三者相互照应,写出旅客的辛劳,对句直抒诗人的感慨。“客行”与“故乡”相比较,自然生出一个“悲”字来。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000"><b>二、修辞方法</b></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">1、比喻</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">说明 用一种事物或情景来比作另一种事物或情景。可分为明喻、暗喻、借喻。有突出事物特征,把抽象的事物形象化的作用。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">例句 “遥望洞庭山水色,白银盘里一青螺”(刘禹锡《望洞庭》)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">赏析 诗歌巧妙地以“螺”作比,将皓月银辉下的山比做银盘里的青螺,色调淡雅,山水浑然一体。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">2、借代</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">说明 借用相关的事物来代替所要表达的事物。借代可用部分代表全体,具体代替抽象,用特征代替人。借代的运用使语言简练、含蓄。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">例句 “知否,知否?应是绿肥红瘦”(李清照《如梦令》)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">赏析 诗中用“绿”和“红”两种颜色分别代替叶和花,写叶的茂盛和花的凋零。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">3、夸张</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">说明 对事物的形象、特征、作用、程度等作扩大或缩小的描述。有更突出、更鲜明地表达事物的作用。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">例句 “白发三千丈,缘愁似个长”(李白《秋浦歌》)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">赏析 愁生白发,诗人用夸张的手法写白发竟有“三千丈”那么长,可见愁思的深重。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">4、对偶</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">说明 用结构相同、字数相同的一对句子或短语来表达两个相对或相近的意思。从形式看,语言简练,整齐对称;从内容看,意义集中含蓄。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">例句 “无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来”(杜甫《登高》)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">赏析 从篇法结构来讲,这首诗四联八句,句句皆对仗,对得圆浑自然,不见斧凿之痕。“无边落木”对“不尽长江”使诗的意境显得广阔深远,“萧萧”的落叶声对“滚滚”的水势更使人觉得气象万千。更重要的是,从这里感受到诗人韶华易逝,壮志难酬的苦痛。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">5、比拟</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">说明 把物当作人来描写叫拟人,或把人当作物来描写叫拟物。比拟有促使读者产生联想,使描写的人、物、事表现的更形象、生动的作用。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">例句 “霜禽欲下先偷眼,粉蝶如知合断魂”(林逋《山园小梅》)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">赏析 这一联采用拟人的手法。“先偷眼”极写白鹤爱梅之甚,它还未来得及飞下,就迫不及待地先偷看梅花几眼;“合断魂”一词写粉蝶因爱梅而至消魂,把粉蝶对梅的喜爱之情夸张到极点。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">6、排比</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">说明 把内容紧密关联、结构相同或相似、语气一致的几个句子或短语接连说出来。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">例句 “枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马”(马致远《天净沙·秋思》)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">赏析 纯用名词组合,构成典型环境。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">7、设问</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">说明 先提出问题,接着自己把看法说出。问题引入,带动全篇,中间设问,承上启下,结尾设问,深化主题,令人回味。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">例句 “问人间谁是英雄?有酾酒临江,横槊曹公。”(元曲小令,阿鲁威作)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">赏析 以设问开篇,点明题旨,领起下面,分层次地叙述三国人物的英雄业绩。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">8、反问</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">说明 用疑问的形式表达确定的意思。用来加强语气,表达强烈感情。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">例句 “江东弟子今虽在,肯为君王卷土来?”(王安石《叠题乌江亭》)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">赏析 使用反问句式,语气冷峻,强调了历史之必然。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">9、起兴</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">说明 兴是先言他物以引起所咏之辞。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">例句 “锦瑟无端五十弦,一弦一柱思华年”( 李商隐的《锦瑟》)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">赏析 首联用瑟这种乐器起兴,由此而思及“华年”。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">10、虚实结合</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">说明 是指现实的景、事与想象的景、事互相映衬,交织一起表达同一样的情感。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">例句 寒蝉凄切,对长亭晚,骤雨初歇。都门帐饮无绪,留恋处兰舟催发。执手相看泪眼,竟无语凝咽。……(柳永《雨霖铃》)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">赏析 上片除“念去去千里烟波,暮霭沉沉楚天阔”外,写的都是眼前实景实事实情,写词人和心爱的人不忍分别又不得不别的心情,是实写;下片写对别后生活的设想,是虚写,着意描绘词人孤独寂寞的心情。虚实结合,淋漓尽致写出了离别的依依不舍。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000"><b>三、表现手法</b></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000">1、 用典</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000"></font></p>**** Hidden Message *****<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-size: 18px; background-color: white;" color="#000000"></font></p><p></p> 总结的太全面了,正好可以恶补一下语文知识,收藏了, 磨刀不误砍柴功。离开课堂20余年,这些基本功,早已“记忆模糊”了;难得呀,收走了。 基本的往往都是最有用的东西! 总结的太全面了,正好可以恶补一下语文知识 总结的太全面了,对于一个理科生,正好可以恶补一下语文知识,收藏了, 总结得很好,学习学习再学习平时有时间多练习一下这些基本功,对于提高个人写作水平大有益处,祝工作顺利! 从表达方式,修辞方法和表现手法进行归纳总结,对于写作启蒙有益 越是基础的越是管用的!
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