公文如何论证
<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">立论文章</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>要好处，必须论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">-----</span>如果不论点，那么坏处</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>要好处，必须论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">-----</span>没有论点，就没有好处</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>要好处，必须论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">-----</span>只有论点，才能好处</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr><wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>好处，决定了论点</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>好处，取决于论点</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr><wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>只有论点，才好处<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>只要论点，就好处</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr><wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>出现的问题，是因为论点的影响</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr><wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>论点关系到工作</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>论点有利于工作</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>论点对于工作有用</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr><wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>结果越来越说明（论点）</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>越是结果，越是（论点）</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr><wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>（论点）越来越关系到：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>越来越取决于（论点）：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr><wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>能否（论点）关系到<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">(</span>好处<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">)</span>：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">提出论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>能否结果取决于（取决于）（论点）</span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">驳论文章</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">不要论点——如果论点，就坏处。归谬法</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">不要论点<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>非论点，有好处。所以不要论点。间接反驳法</span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">连环论证<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">---</span></span></b><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">层层绽放合拢法</span></b></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">抓投入。抓发展必须抓环境，抓环境必须抓投入。没有大投入就没有大环境，没有大环境就没有大发展。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">项目是龙头。抓不住项目，发展就是空话，抓不住好项目，科学发展就是纸上谈兵。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">必须加强社会主义法制。因为，如果要顺利地进行社会主义经济建设，就要有一个安定团结的局面；而如果要有一个安定团结的局面，就必须加强社会主义法制。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">党风正则干群和，干群和则社会稳。</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">平行论证</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">观念支配行动，思路决定出路。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">眼界决定境界，思路决定出路。没有宽眼界，就没有高境界。思路打不开，发展无出路。</span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">归纳法</span></b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">列举事实作印证。</span></span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">归纳法可以先举事例再归纳结论，也可以先提出结论再举例加以证明。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">前者即我们通常所说之归纳法，后者我们称为例证法。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">例证法就是一种用个别、典型的具体事例证明论点的论证方法。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">实践不仅是检验真理的标准，而且是唯一的标准。科学史上无数事实，充分地说明了这个问题。列举事例若干。</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">演绎法</span></b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">引经据典讲道理</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-size: 9pt;">;</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">即用作者的思想观点（当然必要时还要解释观点的来源、理由等）去评判、分析事件、某人物的言行、思想意识形态、及存在的各种体制秩序等，从而得出某一独特的观点与看法。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">演绎论证是一种由一般到个别的论证方法。它由一般原理出发推导出关于个别情况的结论，其前提和结论之间的联系是必须的。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">演绎法有三段论、假言推理、选言推理等多种形式，但最重要的是三段论。三段论由大前提、小前提和结论三部分组成。如大前提“凡金属都可以导电”、小前提“铁是金属”、结论“所以铁能导电”。</span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">比较法</span></b></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">比较论证是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常将它分为二类，一类是类比法，另一类是对比法。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">类比法是将性质、特点在某些方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较，从而引出结论的方法。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">对比法是通过性质、特点在某些方面相反或对立的不同事物之间的比较来证明论点的方法。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">项目建设牵动经济社会全局，是扩张总量、增强实力，调整结构、提升水平的唯一途径，也是实现超常发展的唯一选择。我们与先进地区的差距就在于没有大项目、好项目，必须咬定项目建设不放松，在大项目、好项目上攻坚突破。</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 17.55pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">对比评析法</span></b></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">举出正反两个例子从而构成鲜明的对比，然后用比较对照所得出的结论来联系论点的方法。对比评析法适用于对比论证，分析文字围绕对比展开，对比后的结论要与论点相吻合。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">分析思路可按“比一评一升华”的走向拓展。其中“比”是对材料的概括比较，既收束全文，又为“评”张本。“评”是对截然相反的事实进行评价，或揭示其本质，或探求其原因。“升华”所得到的道理则把材料和观点焊接在一起，从而完成了论证过程。</span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">层推法</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">由所发生、所存在的事件生发开来，提出疑问</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">首先作了较浅的、表面的、大多数人认为的答案，</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">随后又对这个答案产生疑问或质疑，于是再作进一步深入的剖析，</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">这样引导读者深入到问题的根源和实质。如层层剥笋壳一样，最后把核心昭示读者。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">先将论点解剖成几个互相具有递进关系的层次，然后逐层进行分析和阐述，以证明论点。</span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">原理渗透法</span></b></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">运用某一原理<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">(</span>哲理<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">)</span>来剖析例子进行说理从而联结论点的方法。运用这种方法要注意两点。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">一是选择恰当的原理或哲理，所谓恰当，就是能在论点和例子之间架起桥梁。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">二是要先用原理分析例子<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">(</span>思维过程<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">)</span>，然后让两者融为一体，构成分析的文字<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">(</span>行文过程<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">)</span>。</span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 17.55pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">引用分析法</span></b></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">在举出例子之后，援引相关的名言、格言等，而后用一些话把两者联系起来的说理方法。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">运用这种分析方法说理，关键在于引言要恰当，即与事例有着内在的联系，通过分析能使材料更好地为观点服务。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">在实际写作过程中，能找到相对性的引言当然最好，一般只要求引言能成为材料与观点的中介。</span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 17.55pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">由果溯因法</span></b></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">把例子看作“果”，用分析文字探求产生这种结果的原因，</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">即从因果关系上把论据和论点联结起来的方法。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">运用这种方法说理，可以用“因为”开拓思路，当然这只是外在的，</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">更重要的是例子与分析应当存在因果关系，而不是人为地强加上去的。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">同时还要注意到所分析的原因跟论点相一致，否则就无法把材料和观点联系起来。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr><wbr></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 17.55pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">逆向设想法</span></b></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">运用逆向思维对论据作反向假设，</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">推测在这种虚拟的条件下可能产生的某种结果，<b>从反面论证论点的方法。</b></span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.55pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">逆</span></b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">向设想法的主体部分由假设复句构成，</span></span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">假设部分来源于论据（事例），推测部分服务于论点，所以不能随心所欲地虚拟。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">运用几个假设复句要从实际出发，</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">当然从不同的角度来假设，分析会比较全面，说理也比较深刻，行文也会增强气势。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 17.45pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">倘有多个假设，应按一定的逻辑顺序排列组合，不可任意凑排。</span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 21pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">本质评述法</span></b></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">对事例进行深层挖掘，揭示其本质属性，从而阐发论据和论点之间的关系，把两者联结起来的方法。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">运用这种方法分析说理，可以利用“不是……而是……”之类的句式，揭示论据的本质属性，</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">再以此为内核展开概括的评述，从而证明论点。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">运用本质评述法析理是否充分，关键在于能不能以本质属性为内核，对论据进行概括的评述。</span></p><p align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">因此，在揭示本质属性之后不要急着煞尾，而应展开评述，把论据和论点联结起来。</span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 21pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">选言证法</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">中国革命战争或者由资产阶级领导，或者由农民和城市小资产阶级领导，或者由无产阶级领导，然后，逐次论证资产阶级、农民和城市小资产阶级都不能领导中国革命战争走上彻底胜利的道路，从而确定了“中国革命战争只能由中国无产阶级及其政党领导”的真实性。（对资产阶级应该一分为二看待，承认优点，指出缺点，最后，去伪存真。）</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 21pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">辩证论证</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">经济发展决定政治发展和文化发展，但政治发展和文化发展也会反过来对经济发展产生作用，在一定条件下还可以产生决定性作用。</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 21pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">演绎反驳——反驳格三段论</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">有人认为，所有历史学家都不是文学家。不对。事实上，有的历史学家也是文学家。比如郭沫若是文学家，也是历史学家，所以，并非所有历史学家都不是文学家。</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 21pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">比喻反驳——或然性结论</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">短文章就没有分量？黄金只有一点点，但还是有分量的；牛粪虽然一大堆，分量却不见得有多重。</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 21pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">间接反驳</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">只有少数英雄人物才是历史的创造者，这一说法是极其荒谬的。因为几千年的人类历史告诉我们：广大劳动人民才是历史的真正创造者。</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 21pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">归谬法反驳</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">如果（论点）就出现荒谬（结果），或者从被反驳的判断中推出假判断，或者从被反驳的判断中推出与其自相矛盾的判断。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">有人说，不上大学就是没出息，就成不了人才。照此说来，瓦特、高尔基、爱迪生、富兰克林等都是没有出息的人了！能说他们不是人才？</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">大空间看事、特殊回归普遍角度谈论：</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">必须尽快提高劳动者的素质。任何国家，如果要发展科学技术、振兴经济，就必须提高劳动者的素质。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">地震是一种自然现象，是有规律的，是可以被人们所认识、所掌握的。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">必须尽快提高劳动者的素质。任何国家，如果要发展科学技术、振兴经济，就必须提高劳动者的素质。</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">全面看待，先扬后抑，先抬后摔：</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">在十年改革过程中，地方报纸在理论宣传方面做了许多工作，取得了很大成绩，这是必须首先加以肯定的。然而，当前地方报纸的理论宣传确实存在一些值得研究的问题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">有的同志认为，现在是理论冷淡，读者没有理论的需要和兴趣。这种看法不能说毫无根据。当前在相当一部分干部和群众中确实存在着忽视理论指导和轻视理论学习的现象。但应该看到，由于改革的深化，<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">-----</span>特别是近年来<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">----</span>。因此报刊理论文章不受欢迎，读者较少的主要原因不在读者方面，而在作者和编者方面。</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">照理说，退一步说，以退为进：</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">社会主义的今天，共产党的队伍里，照理说不应该有奴才存在的余地了。可是非常令人遗憾，今天有些人的所作所为，那手法，那心境，那嘴脸，与富安、穆仁志、刁小三比较，套用一句老话，真是“何其相似乃尔”。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">照理说，在革命队伍中，上级与下级只是分工的不同，在人格上并没有高低贵贱之别，都是平等的同志，可实际上呢？处心积虑拍上级马屁者从未绝迹，于今尤烈。</span></span></p><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-align: center; text-indent: 18.05pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;">层进层退法：</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;"></span></span></p>**** Hidden Message *****<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 10pt; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 17.5px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;"></span></span></p><p></p> 太过于专业 具体怎么用还要再学习 楼主的论证方法繁多，多则惑，大道从简，需要整合，从繁到简，谢谢楼主。 万分感谢，公式十分有用。 社会主义的今天，共产党的队伍里 公文论证模式大全，好文好文。 真的很厉害，向你学习了。 一直不太明白公文的论证结构。 社会主义的今天，共产党的队伍里，照理说不应该有奴才存在的余地了。 专业写文章万分感谢，公式十分有用。
页:
[1]
2