“机制”“体制”“制度”仨词的区别与用法
<p></p><div><section data-id="391" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><fieldset class="comment_quote" style="padding: 5px 15px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 245);"><p style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p></fieldset></section></section><section data-id="391" class="135editor" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border: 0px none; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><section style="margin: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px rgb(30, 155, 232); border-image-source: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;"><section style="margin-left: -0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; color: inherit;"><section style="padding: 3px 8px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(138, 193, 226); border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1em; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-10deg); -webkit-transform-origin: 0% 100%; background-color: rgb(30, 155, 232);"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span>杜老师信箱</span></section></section><section class="135brush" data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px" style="margin-top: -24px; padding: 22px 16px 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(30, 155, 232); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 24px; color: inherit;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">杜老师：</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 您好！在起草公文时，常遇到一个难题，就是拿不准什么时候该用“机制”，什么时候该用“体制”或者“制度”。请您讲讲这三个词语的区别和用法。谢谢！</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">徐安</strong></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section data-id="3" class="135editor" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border: 0px none; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><section style="margin: 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33);"><section style="margin-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4em; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); color: inherit;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); color: inherit;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 32px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" data-mce-style="color: #a5a5a5;" placeholder="关于135编辑器" style="padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(218, 137, 133); background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; line-height: 16.796875px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;">杜老师回信</span></span></strong></span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px; line-height:28px" style="margin-top: -0.7em; padding: 10px 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 40, 33); border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-right-radius: 0.4em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.4em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">徐安：</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap;"> 你好！</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> “机制”“体制”和“制度”都是多义词，在涉及社会生活时，它们有一个义项意思比较接近，在使用时需要辨析。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> “机制”可用来表示“一个工作系统的组织或部分之间相互作用的过程和方式”。</span></strong>例如：<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （1）他们正在积极探索建立企业科技人员工资收入分配激励机制。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （2）在继续完善荒山租赁承包政策的同时，积极探索发展非公有制造林绿化的新机制。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （3）这个村的实践说明，让群众参与村级财务管理，建立符合实际的民主监督机制，才能真正取得成效。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （4）要进一步强化风险监管，建立市场准入和退出机制，完善基金管理预测和预警报告制度。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （5）这件事也反映出市政府危机事件反应机制尚不够迅速、灵活、高效。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 从上面的例子可以看出，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“机制”所指，都跟某种“作用”有关。可以说，“机制”多用来指起某种作用的系统；或者说，指某种成系统的作用。</span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> “体制”指“机关、企业、事业单位等的机构设置、管理权限、工作部署的制度”。</span></strong>例如：<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （1）必须坚持改革开放，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （2）我国非常重视法制建设，正在积极推进司法体制改革，以确保在全社会实现公平与正义。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （3）我们要完善国有资产管理体制，以管资本为主加强国有资产监管。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （4）这家医院为全市医疗体制改革作了许多有益的探索。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （5）许多同志提出，要加大教育投入并积极推进教育体制改革。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 从上面的例子可以看出，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“体制”指某方面的机构设置和运作。</span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> “制度”可用来指“在某方面要求大家共同遵守的办事规程或行动准则”。</span></strong>例如：<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （1）要严肃财经纪律、健全财会制度、加强人员管理、防范财务风险、强化监督检查。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （2）“黄金周”休假制度，对我老秘网市旅游业发展起到了巨大的拉动作用。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （3）该企业在劳动用工上，实施了全员竞争上岗和下岗分流制度。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （4）商家在对消费者承诺的同时，进一步严格内部员工管理制度是必要的。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （5）要加快大中城市的户籍管理制度改革。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 从上面的例子可以看出，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“制度”指办事规章或行动准则。</span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 总的来说，如果侧重于指起某种作用的系统，或者说，侧重于指某种成系统的作用，宜用“机制”；如果侧重于指某个领域的机构设置和运作，宜用“体制”；如果侧重于指某方面的规定、规程、规章或行动准则，宜用“制度”。</span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 杜永道</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志2015年第4期，原题目为《“机制”“体制”“制度”辨析》）</span></p></div><div><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></span></div>
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