【出彩写作法】新闻写作的特殊笔法——跨笔
<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em; border: none; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">雄文点评：</strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em; border: none; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"> 本文讲的是新闻写作的跨笔笔法，这种特殊笔法同样也适用于文稿出彩写作。在出彩写作法系统中，这种跨笔的处理属于一种无形套件，可增强表达的纵深感、简洁感和气势感。现转载如下，供彩友们研究和运用“做套子”方法时参考。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"></span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><hr style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">什么是跨笔？跨者，跨度之跨，跨越之跨也。也就是说，无论是描写、议论、叙述等等，都采取大跨度和大跨越的方法。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">在电影的拍摄中，有推拉镜头的方法。把镜头拉起来，就是一个全景的大场面；把镜头推进去，就是一个特写的画面。迅速的推拉，就会形成一个大跨度或是大跨越的组接。例如，开始是一个群山环绕的全景镜头，然后把镜头推进，就是一个个在路上走的特写镜头；再把镜头进一步推近，于是就出现了一个人的脚的特写镜头，用电影剧本的语言是这样的：</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3"> <em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">群山环绕，云雾缭绕。</em></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3"> 一个人在山中行走。</font></span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3"> 一双砍山鞋，踩着乱石滚滚的小道。</font></span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">从群山迅速地转到一双鞋，这就形成了一个大跨度。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">跨笔就是类似的表现方法，不过它是用文字组接而成。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">这种跨笔，有的是时间上的跨度，有的是空间上的跨度，有的是意义上的跨度，等等。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">跨，不是跳，跨本身还包括有连接的意思。正像大桥一样，说它跨度大，是因为他把相距较远的两岸连接起来了。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">现在具体分析几个例子。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">一位记者写了一篇“老龄问题”的报道。他为了把老龄问题引出来，报道的开头，先是用了很长的一大段写了我国周口店猿人生活的情况，并把那时的老年人的活动做了一些想象性的描写。这一段大约用了几百字。第二段，他才把笔锋转到了近代，说从二十世纪初，人类才把老龄问题作为一个社会问题提出来。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">这样的写法，看起来很细，很新颖，但是报纸的读者是没有耐心读这样的文章的——他不理解你上来为什么要用这样一大段文字来写周口店猿人的生活。他等不及下文，就有可能把你的报道丢到一边了。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">在别人的建议下，他把这两段文字合并成这样的一句话：</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“自从有了人类，就有了老年人，那么为什么只是到了本世纪初老龄问题才作为社会问题提出来呢？”</span></em><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">很明显，这样一改，不仅精练多了，文章也显得更有气势了。这种写法实际上就是跨笔。这是一个时间跨度很大的跨笔。在这一句话中，时间的跨度足足有五十万年！原来的写法，人们读了几百字后还不知所云，而现在在第一句话中，人们就接触到了主要的问题。</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">跨笔可以分为：</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">时间跨笔</font></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">虽然许多报道，不可能都有上面说的那样大的时间跨度，但巧妙运用时间跨越的笔法还是较多的。再看几个例子：</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">新华社</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">1979</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">10</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">23</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">日播发的消息《“飞蝗蔽日”时代已经一去不返》的导语是这样的：</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">“危害我国数千年的东亚飞蝗之灾，如今已被我国人民和科学工作者控制住了。我国已经连续十多年没有发生过蝗害。”</font></span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">这里的时间跨度是几千年。有了几千年作为前提的铺垫，我国控制蝗灾的成绩也就显得更加突出了。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">一位西方记者在《暗夜笼罩着心灵的囚犯们》这篇报道中，开头有这样的词句：</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“人们很难相信，在</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">20</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">世纪——在伊丽莎白•佛雷埃访问了新门监狱和英国苦役船一百年后的今天——竟然出现了特伦顿监狱这种人不以人道对待自己的同类的地方。”</span></em></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">这里说的时间是倒叙的，先说了今天，然后解释今天是什么时候——用时间的对比来说明问题的严重。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">胡达、李海燕写的《扬眉干四化》的通讯中有这样的话：</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">“王立山？难道是他？那个在气贯长虹的‘五四’运动中，写下‘欲悲闻鬼叫，我哭豺狼笑，洒泪祭英杰，扬眉剑出鞘’的二十四岁的共青团员，今天为实现社会主义现代化，又做出了新的成绩？”</font></span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">这里用一个时间上的跨度，写出了一个人物的主要的事迹。又有悬念，又很精练。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">空间跨笔</font></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">空间包括两个方面，一是大空间和小空间之间的跳跃和联接；一是空间距离较大的两点或几点之间的联接。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">笔者写的《请把目光投向卫星》这篇报道中，有这样一段话：</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“北京的人口实在是太多了。市区人口密度每平方公里一万二千人，在世界各国的首都中，仅次于东京的一万二千人，居第二位。来到北京的人都痛感“挤”字之苦。记者亲见一位陷于大栅栏人流中而不能自主的农民无可奈何地喊道：‘这哪是买东西，简直是受罪！’”</span></em><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">这是两个相距很大的空间概念的连接，形成了很大的空间跨度。第一个空间是全球性的。记者仿佛是在宇宙飞船上看到地球似的，看到了各国首都，然后加以比较；第二个空间则要小得多了，那个镜头不过是一个特写而已，特写的是一位老农民流汗的面孔。这两者在空间上的距离有多么大！但是在这里他们可以有机地联接在一起。于是形成了新闻作品中的特有的跨笔。</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">再看看黄钢同志写的名篇《亚洲大陆的新崛起》中的一段文字：</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">1949</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">年底的一个夜晚，英吉利海峡的朴茨茅次港口，有一个身材高大的中国人，快步踏上了一艘开往法国的渡海轮船。当他穿过英伦海峡的迷雾，迎着海风走上甲板的时候，可以看到他的脚步稳重、矫健；他的每一步的跨度，总是零点八五米——这是他多年从事地质工作、长期在野外考察养成的习惯；他平时迈开的每一步，实际就成了测量大地、计算岩层距离的尺子。”</span></em></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">这也是一段运用跨笔的文字。先是一幅英吉利海峡的全景画，然后是一个人的特写，尤其是特写他的步伐。这种写法确实使人有看电影的感觉。文章的气势也就由此而出了。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">意义跨笔</font></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">这不是从时间上说的跨笔，也不是从空间上说的跨笔，而是从文字的意义上说的跨笔。请读一篇有代表性的作品：</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">合众国际社西班牙马德里</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">1975</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">年</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">11</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">月</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">20</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">日电</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">(</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">记者皮特•魏伯赛克斯</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">)</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">欧洲最后一名右翼独裁者弗朗哥今天逝世，从而结束了他长达三十六年的铁腕统治。</span></em><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">(</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">从逝世的报道跨到对事实的评价。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">)</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">八十二岁的弗朗哥今晨</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">4</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">点</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">40</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">分在马德里的拉•帕兹医院死于心脏病。为了生存，他进行了长达</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">34</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">天的顽强的斗争，在此期间他的家人一直在病床守护。</span></em><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">(</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">小的时间的跨笔。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">)</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">弗朗哥亲手挑选的接班人胡安•卡洛斯王子将于本星期六开始登基，成为四十四年来西班牙的第一个国王。在此以前，这个国家将暂时由一个三人摄政委员会治理。</span></em><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">(</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">从王子登基的报道跨到对此事的评论和背景的介绍。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">)</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">弗朗哥是</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">30</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">、</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">40</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">年代欧洲强人中的最后一个，他比同时代的温斯顿•丘吉尔、富兰克林•罗斯福、约瑟夫•斯大林和德怀特•艾森豪威尔都活得长。</span></em><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">(</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">由一个人跨到其他人。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">)</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">这位颇孚众望的将军是在</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">1936</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">年至</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">1939</span></em><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">年血腥内战期间登台执政的。他的死意味着欧洲最痛苦的一章结束了。</span></em><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">(</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">历史事实的回顾跨到对他逝世一事的评价。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">)</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">……</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: white;"><font size="3">从这些小的段落中可以看出跨笔的特点。它跨来跨去。有的是从实跨到虚，有的是从过去跨到现在，有的是从现在跨到过去，有的是从新闻跨到背景，如此等等。反正每一句话和每一个段落，都不是单纯的一个层次，而是跨越了两个层次。它的好处是显而易见的。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 29px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="background-color: white;"><font size="3"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">(本文选自《新闻与写作》，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">作者艾丰为经济日报原总编辑</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important;">)</span></font></span></p><p></p> 艾丰总编是大家，他提出的还有很多好的东西，都在新闻与写作里。看了好多遍，至今仍在看
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