公文写作中切忌把材料搞成“肥料”
<p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 儿子小时,我鲜有空陪他,几乎每晚都在单位搞材料。一夜,几岁的儿子接到同事找我的电话,随口回答:“我爸爸不在家,到办公室搞肥料去了!”儿子的天真回想起来仍让人忍俊不禁。这看似和文字工作不搭边的一句话,令我又生出不少感慨。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 大凡通知、请示、讲话、调查、报告等各种文体,在机关里都称其为材料。</span></strong>块头大的、较重要的叫大材料,一般性的、篇幅短的叫小材料。大小都还在其次,关键是要管用,足以指导工作于当时,存为资料咨后世。一篇无用的材料,作为公文不管用,写成讲话没人听,当成资料无人看,丢在墙角占地方,自然成了“肥料”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 从感情上讲,凡是文字工作者,没人希望自己的劳动成果落个“肥料”的下场。</span></strong>但坦白地说,现实工作中,高价值的材料不多,无用的“肥料”却不少,不仅浪费了人力物力财力,还有损党政机关的权威。搞材料为何变成了搞“肥料”?无外乎以下几个缘由:</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 一是长篇大论。</span></strong>有些同志喜欢把简单的问题复杂化,认为材料不长没水平,动辄洋洋洒洒、鸿篇巨制;写起讲话七拼八凑,不重质量重“字量”。岂不知“凫胫虽短,续之则忧;鹤胫虽长,断之则悲”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 长是有长的好处。</span></strong>《二十四史》长,是不朽经典;《资本论》长,是旷世杰作;“王婆婆的裹脚”也长,就煞风景了。明代有个大臣,叫茹太素,写起奏章,喜旁征博引,几百字可以写就的公文,常用套话、空话、官话堆出万言书,惹得“厌听繁文”的朱元璋龙颜大怒,命令将茹太素一顿痛打,于是便有了“朱元璋怒打茹太素”的故事。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 短更有短的精彩。</span></strong>小平同志受周总理委托起草的四届全国人大一次会议上的《政府工作报告》,仅用5000字就把10年的工作和问题讲得清清楚楚。看来,文不在长,有新意则灵;话不在多,管用就行。契诃夫讲得好,“简洁是才能的姊妹。”写材料尤其应该讲究简洁,力求用最短的篇幅、最精练的文字,表达最大的信息量,获得最优的效果。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 二是空洞无物。</span></strong>“什么都有就是什么都没有。”“肥料”中有这么一个品种,明明是因某个具体部门要解决某个具体问题所作,却官腔官调,从国际形势到国内形势,再到省市县的形势,最后是部门情况和工作实际。看似滴水不漏,大河万里鱼虾无数,抖落水花,细看网底,“干货”呢?却是相当有限。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 读毛主席的文章,从来不会有云遮雾绕、远隔千里之感,仿佛身临其境,让人在通俗易懂中汲取深刻的道理,受到极大的教益。何能如此?<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">毛主席一生注重实事求是、调查研究,从实践中来到实践中去……我们推而广之,要言之有物,应读万卷书、行万里路,想万家忧乐,这可谓治疗行文空洞的一剂良方。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">**** Hidden Message *****</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 小孩子分不清材料和“肥料”是正常的,但文字工作者分不清楚就不应该了。只要我们搞材料力避长篇大论、空洞无物、缺乏新意,写出来的材料就一定不会是“肥料”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">(文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志2009年第11期。原题目:《搞材料与搞“肥料”》;作者:钟万民)</span><strong style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </strong></p><p></p>
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