公文中主宾搭配不当实例评改
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">主语和宾语在句子中虽然没有直接的语法关系，却存在着意义或逻辑上的联系，搭配不当也会出现语病。本文试作归纳，并精选类型和难易程度不同的实例进行评改。例句中有其他毛病的，顺便指出。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div><div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">一、判断动词做述语的句子中宾语和主语表示的不是同类事物</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">做述语的判断动词主要是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">，另有</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">属</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">为</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">成为</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">等。对此类型病句，需要根据不同情形对主语或宾语进行适当修改。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">(</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">一</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">)</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">宜修改主语的情形</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">1</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】在培训班最后三天的学习，是我们收获最大的三天。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">学习</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">和</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">三天</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">不是同类事物，可将</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">最后三天的学习</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">调整语序改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">学习的最后三天</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。为避免用词重复，后面的</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">三天</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">可改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">几天</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">2</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】互联网的本质就是一个工具，所有行业都可以用。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">本质</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">和</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">工具</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">不是同类事物。前分句可改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">从本质来讲，互联网就是一个工具</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">3</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】艰苦的工作不完全是坏事，从某种意义来说，它是锻炼人的好机会。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">分析句子主干，</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">工作不是坏事，是好机会</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">明显不妥。可将名词性偏正词组</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">艰苦的工作</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">改成动词性述宾词组</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">从事艰苦的工作</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">或状中词组</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">在艰苦的岗位上工作</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">4</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】整治范围为市内四区市政管辖范围内的道路、桥梁、隧道、人行通道、地下通道及其附属设施。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">谓语中心语</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">为</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">后面说的是对象而不是范围，主语</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">整治范围</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">宜改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">整治对象</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">5</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】水资源已经成为制约经济社会持续发展的瓶颈，推进节水型社会建设迫在眉睫。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">瓶颈</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">比喻事情进行中容易发生阻碍的关键环节。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">水资源</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">不能是瓶颈，宜改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">水资源匮乏</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">(</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">二</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">)</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">宜修改宾语的情形</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">1</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】从经济总量来讲，现在是中华民族五千年历史上最繁荣的。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">宜在句尾加</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">时期</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">，以同主语</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">现在</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">搭配。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">2</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】此次清理整治范围为东起金石滩清云河口、西至塔河湾近岸海域海面的养殖物。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">句子主干是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">范围为养殖物</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">，主宾明显不搭配，宜删去</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">海面的养殖物</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">3</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】加强全民法制教育，是依法治国的重要问题。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">加强全民法制教育</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">是动宾短语做主语，</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">是谓语，</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">问题</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">是宾语中心语。主宾不对等，语意不确切，宜将</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">问题</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">任务</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">4</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】这期培训班的学员都是具有大学学历且在秘书岗位工作三年以上。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">后面没有和主语相对应的宾语，宜将</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">三年以上</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">三年以上者</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">或</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">三年以上的年轻干部</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">5</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】学校坚持</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">创名校、树品牌</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">的发展战略，于</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">2014</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">年成为首批</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">276</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">所国家中等职业教育改革发展示范学校。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">宾语中心语残缺导致主宾不搭配，一所学校和</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">276</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">所学校在概念上不宜混淆、等同。可在</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“276</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">所国家中等职业教育改革发展示范学校</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">后加</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">之一</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">(</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">三</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">)</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">既可修改主语又可修改宾语的情形</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">1</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】党的组织是紧紧依靠群众、发挥先锋模范作用的坚强战士。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
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<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">可将</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">党的组织</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">共产党员</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">，或将</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">坚强战士</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">战斗堡垒</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">2</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】从第一届服装节开始，大连就成为了中外宾朋欢聚一堂的盛会。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">可修改为：</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">大连服装节从第一届开始，就成為了中外宾朋欢聚一堂的盛会。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">也可将原句中的</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">盛会</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">胜地</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">(</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">四</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">)</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">主语和宾语均宜修改的情形</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">1</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】治安保险是新形势下加强农村治安建设的重要举措，是社会治安综合治理与构建社会主义和谐社会、建设社会主义新农村的有机结合。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">可修改为：</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">实行治安保险是新形势下加强农村治安建设的重要举措，是社会治安综合治理同构建社会主义和谐社会、建设社会主义新农村有机结合的一项重要工作。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">2</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】四川</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">××</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">集团中心拍卖行的拍卖范围是：达川地区范围内国家行政机关依法没收物品，交抵税款、罚款的物品和其他物品</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">人民法院依法没收的物品，充抵罚金、罚款的物品和无法返还的追回物品</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">法律、法规许可拍卖的物品或财产权利</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">受理企业、事业单位或民间委托的拍卖事项等。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">此例稍复杂些，毛病也比较多。分析句子主干</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">拍卖范围是物品和受理事项</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">，可以看出主宾不搭配。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">拍卖行的拍卖范围是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">宜修改为</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">拍卖行的职权范围是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">，</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">达川地区</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">前宜加述语</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">拍卖</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。另，</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">达川地区范围内</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">宜改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">达川地区内</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">，去掉</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">范围</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">可避免词语重复</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">依法没收物品</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">因缺少结构助词而改变了语意，且造成句子成分的搭配不当，宜改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">依法没收的物品</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”;“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">后面的宾语部分加上述语</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">拍卖</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">后，五个</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">物品</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">均是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">拍卖</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">的宾语，和下句</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">受理</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">……”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">不处于同一层次，故前两个分号宜改成逗号</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">法律、法规许可拍卖的物品</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">的表述有悖逻辑，因为按语意，似乎前面说的</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">物品</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">不是法律、法规许可拍卖的物品，故宜在</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">物品</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">前面加上必要的定语，改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">法律、法规许可拍卖的其他物品</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。此例可综合修改为：</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">四川</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">××</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">集团中心拍卖行的职权范围是：拍卖达川地区内国家行政机关依法没收的物品，交抵税款、罚款的物品和其他物品，人民法院依法没收的物品，充抵罚金、罚款的物品和无法返还的追回物品，法律、法规许可拍卖的其他物品或财产权利</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">受理企业、事业单位或民间委托的拍卖事项等。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">二、一般主述宾结构的句子中宾语和主语在意义上不吻合</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">1</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】教学环境得到了彻底的转变。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">环境</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">和</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">转变</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">不搭配，可将</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">转变</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">改变</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">2</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】直到目前，警方还没有取得什么突破性的进展。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">警方</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">系名词，指公安机关。不能说公安机关没有取得进展。可修改为：</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">直到目前，警方的侦破工作还没有取得突破性的进展。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">或修改为：</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">直到目前，此案还没有取得突破性的进展。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">3</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】陈</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">××</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">将很快被投入监狱，开始漫长的刑期。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">刑期</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">即服刑的期限，</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">陈</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">××</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">开始期限</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">不通。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">开始漫长的刑期</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">宜改成</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">开始漫长的服刑生活。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">4</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】《清单》中所列药品基本包含了日常的常见病，如消炎类的克霉唑</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">抗过敏的复方氨酚那敏</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">镇痛类的布洛芬</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">以及常见的治疗胃炎的西咪替丁、碳酸钙</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">治疗感冒的维</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">C</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">银翘片，甚至连营养类的复合维生素也赫然在列。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">首句主干是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">药品包含常见病</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">，明显不妥。宜修改为</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">《清单》中所列药品基本包含了治疗常见病的药物</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">。另，句中分号使用错误，均宜改成逗号。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">三、主语是联合词组的句子中主宾搭配顾此失彼</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">1</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】改进教学方法以后，学员的兴趣和特长得到了充分发挥。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">兴趣</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">和</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">发挥</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">不搭配，可以修改为：</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“……</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">学员的学习兴趣明显增强，特长得到了充分发挥。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">2</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">】整治内容和标准包括，建筑消防设施是否完整好用</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">疏散通道是否畅通</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">消防车通道是否畅通、是否私搭乱建临时房屋占用防火间距</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">社会单位是否落实消防主体责任</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">重点整治违章用火、用电、用油、用气等消防违法行为。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">整治内容</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">包括</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">违章用火、用电、用油、用气等消防违法行为</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">可以，但</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">整治标准</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">包括</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">重点整治违章用火、用电、用油、用气等消防违法行为</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">明显不妥。从整个句子来看，</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">标准</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">和后面的几组</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">是否</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">……”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">均不对应，无法搭配。另，</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">包括</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">后面的逗号使用不当，逗号不能引领分号</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">消防车通道是否私搭乱建临时房屋占用防火间距</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">不通。可修改为：</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">整治内容包括：建筑消防设施是否完整好用</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">疏散通道是否畅通</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">消防车通道是否畅通</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">是否占用防火间距私搭乱建临时房屋</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">社会单位是否落实了消防主体责任</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">;</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">单位和个人是否存在违章用火、用电、用油、用气等行为。其中，对违章用火、用电、用油、用气等行为将进行重点整治。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><strong><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">四、复句中的后分句偷换主语导致主宾无法搭配</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">【例】近年来，我国加快了高等教育事业发展的速度和规模，高校将进一步扩大招生，并重点建设一批高水平的大学和学科。</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:2em;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">此例由三個分句组成，两头分句的主语是</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">我国</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">，由于中间分句将主语换成了</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">高校</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">，结果导致主宾不搭配，而且造成了</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">高校重点建设一批高水平的大学</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">的错误语意。另，前分句</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">加快速度</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">可以，但</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">加快规模</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">不通，属于述宾搭配不当。可修改为：</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">近年来，我国加快了高等教育事业发展的速度，扩大了发展规模，将进一步扩大招生，并重点建设一批高水平的大学和学科。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">若要避免</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">扩大</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">一词重复，可修改为：</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">“</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">近年来，我国加快了高等教育事业发展的速度，将进一步扩大招生规模，并重点建设一批高水平的大学和学科。</span><span style="color: rgb(56, 54, 54);">”<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> (</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">摘自《秘书》</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">)</span></span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:0em;"><font size="3"> </font></div><p></p> 作者写的很好，很有现实意义。对我今后在公文起草工作中有很大帮助。
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