公文写作与处理的常见错误
<div style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow: hidden; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; position: relative; min-height: 350px; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' id="js_content" class="rich_media_content "><fieldset style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-width: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px; border-radius: 4px; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、人名、地名、引文欠准确</span></strong></section></span></section><section style="margin: -11px 0px 0px; padding: 22px 16px 16px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); text-align: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75em; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1、人名不用全名。</span></strong>在执行职务所定的任务或反映身份时，采用“单位+职务+姓名”的方式，但如果说“市委书记×××同志”就不规范，因为前面有了单位、职务，后面就再写“同志”就显多余；姓名前面如果没有冠以单位与职务的，应在姓名后面加“同志”二字。 <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75em; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2、地名不用全称。</span></strong>为了便于查找，地名的前面应冠以省、市（洲）、县市区、乡镇（街道）、村名。县名的前面只冠省名就行了。以地名取名的市辖区，在省内行文，区名前面可不冠市名，向全国行文，区名前面应当冠以省名和市名，但以方位取名的市辖区如东城区，无论何种情况，区名前面必须冠以市名。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75em; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3、引文不准确。</strong></span>如引用湘工办发〔2012〕16号文件时，常见的引用错误是先引发文字号再引公文标题。正确的引用是先引公文标题再引发文字号，因此引用湘工办发〔2012〕16号文件应这样引用“《关于××××的通知》（湘工办发〔2012〕16号）”。在公文中引用其他文件、书刊和领导讲话中的文字，一定要查对原文，包括发文字号、刊号、每一个文字与标点符号等，都要做到与原文完全一致、准确无误。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></fieldset><fieldset style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-width: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px; border-radius: 4px; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、数字、计量单位和标点符号不合规范</strong></span></section></span></section><section style="margin: -11px 0px 0px; padding: 22px 16px 16px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); text-align: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75em; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1、</span></strong>“30%-40%”写成“30-40%”，前一个数字省掉了百分比；“5万元-10万元”写成“5-10万元”，前面一个数字省掉了万元；“七上八下”写成“7上8下”。<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">公文中的成文日期、部分结构层次序数和在词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩语句中作为词数的数字不得使用阿拉伯数字，均应使用汉字，其他数字应使用阿拉伯数字而不得用汉字。</span></strong> <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75em; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2、</strong></span>质量（重量）单位用斤、市斤、两、钱，而不用千克（kg）、吨（t）、克（g）、毫克（mg）；长度单位用里、尺、寸、公分，而不用千米或公里（kw）、米（m）、分米（dm）、毫米（mm）；功率单位用马力，而不用千瓦（kw）、瓦（w）；体积（容积）单位用公升、立升，而不用升（l）、毫升（ml）、立方米、立方厘米；电量单位用度，而不用千瓦时（kwh）；土地面积单位用亩、分、厘、平方尺、平方丈，而不用平方米（㎡）、公顷（hm）、平方公里（k㎡）。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75em; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3、依据公文法规的规定，公文标题除法规、规章名称加书名号外，一般不使用标点符号。</span></strong>但在有些特定情况下，公文标题中仍需要使用诸如引号、顿号、括号、破折号等标点符号，使表意更加清晰严密。实践中，使用不够规范、随意性强主要表现在：联合行文的标题，在并列的发文机关名称之间不加顿号；出现缩略语和具有特殊含义的词语时不加引号；批转法规性文件不加书名号，而使用引号，或者不是法规性文件却加书名号；对公文内容成熟程度的限制性词语置于书名号之外，等等。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75em; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 4、文内使用非规范化简称先不用全称并注明简称。</strong></span>如：第一次使用“娄博会”时用简称，而不是使用“青春娄底·湘中之光经贸博览会”这一全称；使用国际组织外文名称或其缩写形式在第一次出现时不注明准确的中文译名，像第一次使用“WTO”时，应注明中文译名“世贸组织”。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></fieldset><fieldset style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-width: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px; border-radius: 4px; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、公文标题处理不规范或欠妥当</span></strong></section></span></section><section style="margin: -11px 0px 0px; padding: 22px 16px 16px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); text-align: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75em; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1、滥行省略。</span></strong>表现为过于追求标题的简洁而滥用省略，致使公文标题“缺肢少臂”。例如，在《关于增加职工福利待遇》这样一个标题中，该公文究竟由哪个单位制发，属哪一类文种，均不清楚。正确的做法是，在介词“关于”前冠以发文机关名称，在“待遇”之后添加公文文种，改为《××市人社局关于增加职工福利待遇的通知》。 <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75em; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2、文种混用。</span></strong>主要表现为请示与报告不分、决定与决议相混、公告与通告滥用以及把决议与纪要等同等等。“请示”适用于向上级机关请求指示、批准，“报告”适用于向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况，回复上级机关的询问；“决定”适用于对重要事项作出决策与部署、奖惩有关单位和人员、变更或者撤销下级机关不适当的决定事项，“决议”适用于会议讨论通过的重大决策事项，“纪要”适用于记载会议主要情况和议定事项；“公告”适用于向国内外宣布重要事项或者法定事项，“通告”适用于在一定范围内公布应当遵守或者周知的事项。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75em; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3、叠床架屋。</strong></span>主要有以下三种情形：<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是公文标题中的“发文机关”要素因省略不当而造成重叠。</strong></span>例如《中共××局党委关于××的通知》，“中共”是“中国共产党”的简称，再在后面出现“党”字，显属不当，正确的写法是“中共××局委”。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是公文标题中的“文种”要素因转发或批转环节过多而造成重叠。</strong></span>如《××市总工会关于转发省总工会关于转发〈中华全国总工会关于加强××的通知〉的通知的通知》这一标题中，介词“关于”重复出现三次，“转发”之前加介词“关于不符合语法习惯，文种“通知”也重复表述。依转发性通知拟制的惯例，只需保留公文发源处的一个文种即可。因此，该标题应改为《××市总工会转发中华全国总工会关于加强××的通知》。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是公文标题中的“事由”部分因强调表述而造成重叠。</strong></span>例如《××市总工会关于申请购买公车的请示》，“请示”文种即已明显蕴含向上级“申请”之意，“事由”部分再用“申请”一词纯属多余，应删除，即应改为《××市总工会关于购买公车的请示》。</p></section></fieldset></div>
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