出彩还是出丑?领导干部讲话“用典”其实很简单
<section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 670px;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(67, 65, 65); line-height: 1.9;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 中华文明源远流长、博大精深,孕育了非常多的历史典故。而这些典故,不仅装裱了文明,对于个体而言,如果写文章、讲话能够巧妙地引用这些典故,不仅能让文章生色不少、讲话更加吸引人,还能提升一个人的文化气质,从而提升自身魅力。在这一点上,习近平总书记堪称是“用典高手”,他的许多讲话中,都对典故有精彩的引用。</section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 典故用得好,很容易出彩。然而,如果一知半解、生搬硬套,恐怕不仅难出彩,反而容易出丑,闹笑话。今天,理论君像您推荐一篇文章,教您如何驾驭好“用典”这把双刃剑……</section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 25px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(225, 16, 16); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; font-size: 18px;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">01</section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -1px; padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(225, 16, 16); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; font-size: 18px;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">典故虽小,关系学风和作风</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><br></section></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(67, 65, 65); line-height: 1.8;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 近些年出现的学者或官员用错典故而引发的笑话不少。有的将“罄竹难书”用作褒义词,有的将“渐渐入港”用在形容事情已经到位上。更有甚者,有人将网络上网友编的假典当作文史典故引用,引发了媒体的批评。典故虽小,反映的却是领导干部的学风和作风。</section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 在写文章、讲话中人们往往喜欢用典故来强化表达力,增强沟通效果。典用好了,形象恰当,反映出人的人文素养,对于实际工作的指导也有积极意义;典用错了,反映出文化素养不够,还会显现思维能力的缺陷。所以,用典虽小,其用甚大。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">对领导干部而言,手握国家权力,言关民生休戚,一言不正,四方听之,其用典不可不慎。</strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 典的本质是历史智慧和民间智慧的提炼,这种智慧可以补益现实,启发现实。即<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">用典是为了说明和解决问题的,不是为了好听或好看。</strong>明此,可以克服领导干部用典的两种心理偏差:一是不敢用典,即担心出错,用典不恰,所以讲话写文章从来都是套话、白话,永远没错,也永远没味儿。二是过度用典,即为了显示自己的水平和博识,引经据典过多,往往又显得华而不实。</section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 用典是平时学养积累出来的,不是为了讲话找出来的,或者设计出来的。</strong>我们看到有的领导干部讲话中用典,信手拈来,自然而然,平白贴切,事理相融。让我们感觉到贴切舒服,极富启发,心悦诚服。而有的领导干部用典,总有点矫揉造作,削足适履。或者与其文风、口语很不相恰,是“查找”出来的典,而不是“流淌”出来的典。所以,<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">用典应当完全服从于表达的需要:用也可,不用也可的典故,则不用。总之要自然而恰当。</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 25px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(225, 16, 16); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; font-size: 18px;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">02</section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -1px; padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(225, 16, 16); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; font-size: 18px;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">诀窍:如何用对典、用好典</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><br></section></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.9;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 首先是功夫在平时。</strong>人民日报海外版曾梳理习近平总书记的著作《之江新语》的用典,宏富而多彩,读来贴切、妥当。这反映出他平时的阅读量和学习量是很大的。习总书记提出领导干部要多读书读好书善读书,这是新时期学习型政党建设的内在需求。所以,<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">把学习常态化、端正学习态度是领导干部用对典的前提。</strong>领导干部要明白典的通识,不要认为只有中国传统文化才有典,典是经过实践和学术提炼的一般性哲理的概括,既有中国传统之典,也有西方文化之典,还有改革开放实践中形成的新典。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">平时功夫下得足,可以信手拈来,相得益彰。</strong>功夫下得不够,就会发生毛泽东同志所说的“对于民间的、国外的、古人的语言中有用的东西,不肯下苦工学,群众就不欢迎他们枯燥无味的宣传”。</section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 其次要与实践相融。</strong>章太炎先生认为一个时代有一个时代的文风。古人将徒有形式而无实际作用的空文叫“具文”。维特根斯坦说过,人<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">的语言方式就是他的生活方式。</strong>古人曾言,“言不苟造,论不虚生”,即语言与观点要有实际的来源。用典要与具体的工作实践相联系。在隋唐之际,针对当时的“竞一字之奇,争一字之巧,连篇累牍,不出月露之形;积案盈箱,唯是风云之状”,李谔曾经写过一篇《上隋高祖革文华书》。可见古人也主张不能与实践脱离,虚泛的文风反映出实践的苍白。这对领导干部而言,与实践相融是用典的意义所在。</section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 第三,要学会灵活用典</strong>。所谓灵活用典就是<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">用活典不用死典,引明典不引暗典,去滥典品经典,化典义证新意。</strong>有的典故深涩难懂,言者懵懵,听者昏昏,是所谓死典,而有的典故内涵深刻,指向明晰,是所谓活典。在用典时为了说明事理是明典,含沙射影、指桑骂槐是暗典。领导干部应当襟怀坦荡,以理服人。灵活用典还要避免滥用典故,就像背诗就背“春眠不觉晓”一样,滥典是不用自明的,所以活用经典,不落俗套也很重要。但用典也不是一定要严丝合缝,因为用典本身就是借喻,所以用典时既可以借典喻事,妙化典义,也不妨借事喻典,让听者或读者在明白典的原意的基础上开发出新的典意,这就更凸显了用典的现实意义。</section></section></section></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 25px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(225, 16, 16); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; font-size: 18px;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">03</section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -1px; padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(225, 16, 16); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; font-size: 18px;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">秘笈:《习近平用典》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><br></section></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 用中国经典,讲中国经验;以中国道理,说中国道路。在习近平总书记系列重要讲话文章中多处引经据典,<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">生动传神,寓意深邃,极具启迪意义</strong>。广大领导干部用典要准确、传神、到位,不妨认真读读《习近平用典》一书</section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"> 该书由敬民篇、为政篇、立德篇、修身篇、笃行篇、劝学篇、任贤篇、天下篇、廉政篇、信念篇、创新篇、法治篇、辩证篇共13个篇章组成,不仅对习近平总书记重要讲话(文章)引用典故追根溯源,更是究其现实意义进行解读,以期帮助广大党员干部深入学习习近平总书记的重要讲话(文章)精神,准确理解习近平总书记的思想精髓。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(文章来源:人民日报)</strong></p></section></section></section><p></p>
页:
[1]