机关工作人员怎样与媒体打交道
<p></p><div><br></div><div><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">尊重新闻传播规律，提高同媒体打交道的能力，正确引导社会舆论，是新时期对党政机关公务人员的重要要求。党政机关公务人员面对媒体的工作主要有两项，一是新闻发布，二是接受采访。我总结了这两项工作中的几点沟通规则，供大家参考。</span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88594" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; border: 2px solid rgb(61, 61, 61);"><section style="margin-top: -12px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: left; transform: rotate(0deg); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-bcless="darken" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-right-width: 6px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(127, 24, 19); border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(127, 24, 19); border-top-width: 0.4em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-left-width: 0.4em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important;"></section><section style="padding: 2px 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; font-size: 19.2px; line-height: 1.2em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">发布</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">News</p></section><section data-bcless="darken" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(127, 24, 19); border-left-width: 6px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(127, 24, 19); border-right-width: 0.4em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-top-width: 0.4em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important;"></section></section><section style="margin-left: 90px; padding: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2em;"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 新闻发布</strong></span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; height: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">做好搜集舆情的工作。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在面对媒体之前，要找出那个“最难回答的问题”，做好预案。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">精心准备前两个问题。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">要尽量避免发言人碰到的第一个问题就是“最棘手的问题”。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">新闻点的策划。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">要对可能的新闻点进行精心设计、合理安排。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">使用媒体语言。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我把媒体喜欢引用的语言类型归结为“三六九原则”：30个字、6年级水平、90秒。“30个字”指的是对媒体发表的言论要尽可能简短，不要长篇大论；“6年级水平”不是讲记者或受众只有6年级的文字水平，而是说语言应尽量通俗易懂，不要过于深奥晦涩；“90秒”是一个时间的限制，便于电视编导和网络传播进行剪辑。一般而言，这样的表述容易被媒体直接引用，用作报纸的标题、新闻报道的导语或者是电视新闻中的同期声。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">举一个基层官员使用媒体语言的例子。这是一位来自湖北十堰市的市长，他到香港去招商。大家知道，十堰是20世纪60年代国家进行“三线建设”时新建的“汽车城”。“二汽”设在那里，现在面临重新定位和发展的问题。在招商会上，一位香港记者问道：“现在十堰已经失去了往日的辉煌，核心企业都搬到了武汉，您怎么看这个问题？”当然，市长可以用一些官话、套话，比如“我们要按照中央的部署，全国一盘棋，做大做强当地企业”。但要引发媒体的关注，必须把它转化成媒体的语言。这位市长回答：香港记者可能不了解我们十堰人民对“二汽”的这份特殊情感，我们十堰的干部和老百姓都把“二汽”看成是自己的孩子。它在我们这儿上完了小学和中学，现在它长大了，我们要送它去武汉上大学，见大世面。第二天好几家香港报纸用了这样一个标题：《十堰市长：送二汽“上大学”》。他的回答把中央的精神、省里的决策等官方的表述转化成了媒体语言，引起了媒体和公众的共鸣。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“三三原则”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">指的是在新闻发布中要遵循“三个要点、三分钟和三个信息源”的原则。核心信息不超过三个要点，否则会影响传播效果；每个问题的回答一般不超过三分钟；为了提升公信力，除了提供政府方面的信息，还应当提供更多的信息源，例如专家学者、非政府组织等。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88594" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; border: 2px solid rgb(61, 61, 61);"><section style="margin-top: -12px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: left; transform: rotate(0deg); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-bcless="darken" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-right-width: 6px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(127, 24, 19); border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(127, 24, 19); border-top-width: 0.4em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-left-width: 0.4em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important;"></section><section style="padding: 2px 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; font-size: 19.2px; line-height: 1.2em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">采访</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Media</p></section><section data-bcless="darken" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(127, 24, 19); border-left-width: 6px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(127, 24, 19); border-right-width: 0.4em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-top-width: 0.4em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important;"></section></section><section style="margin-left: 90px; padding: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2em;"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 媒体采访</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; height: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); font-family: 微软雅黑; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;">媒体采访有如下几个类型：</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">约访。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">记者事先提出申请，提交采访提纲，约定时间和地点。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">会访。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">当接到比较多的约访要求时，可以把记者相对集中，召开不同规模的新闻发布会。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">截访。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在当前媒体竞争激烈的情况下，很多记者利用可近前的机会，当面提出采访要求，出其不意地发问。碰到截访一定要镇静，在没有心理准备的情况下要谨慎回应。实在没有把握，要想一些办法，比如找机会请示领导或和同事商议，理清思路，准备好了之后再跟记者见面回答问题，把“截访”化为“约访”。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“电访”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这是指记者打来电话，要求在电话中采访。对待“电访”要慎重，接到电话后不要随意挂断，挂断就是拒绝采访，这样的方式是不妥当的。但是也尽量不要在电话中长篇大论，可给记者做一些简短的表态，“是”还是“不是”，“有”还是“没有”，或者说“详细的信息稍后会给您传一份新闻稿”，等等。因为电话是一个“高失真”的传播媒介，容易造成细节传递的失真，简短表态即可。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="87831" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section class="" style="margin: 10px auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-width="4em" style="max-width: 100%; width: 4em; height: 4em; transform: rotate(0deg); box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/UyZ76DvRvcNnWXBA3akYjyDSx8zoo95vCpF1DfgiaTOOWVg6ZrcdYWJIMRpiaR7CIvaTsfvwkN8yWWcejrz71iauA/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><p style="padding-top: 1.1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; font-size: large; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Tips</span></p></section><section class="" data-style="text-indent: 2em;" style="margin-top: -38.8px; margin-left: 19.8px; padding: 20px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px dashed; height: auto;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(217, 33, 66); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在接受采访的时候，要注意遵循以下几点。</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一，“没有糟糕的问题，只有糟糕的回答”。这样的说法听上去不太公平，但反映了一个问题。记者有时的问题可能比较尖锐或不太妥当，但作为发言人，如何用记者提问的机会来传达你自己的核心信息，是一种技巧。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二，在回答问题的过程中，尽量不要重复问题。也就是说，不要落入预设的话题结论中去。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三，不要随意许诺或预测。一定要以事实、已经发生了的事情作为依据。新闻传播当中的一条原则是“快讲事实，慎讲原因，慎下结论”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第四，不要用推卸责任的方式回答问题。比如说“这个问题不归我们部门回答，请你去找××部门进行了解”，这个回答看似“金蝉脱壳”，但推卸自己责任的方式是不妥的，且对自身并无益处。</p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); font-family: 微软雅黑; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">最后，我再给大家归纳几种应对“敏感问题”的方法。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); font-family: 微软雅黑; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“敏感问题”其实就是比较难回答、具有挑战性的问题，如何应对，我认为有这样五种方法。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“归位法”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">就是要回归受众常识的本位，看你的对象是谁，避免将问题“泛政治化”“泛社会化”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“桥梁法”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">搭桥，就是将不方便直接回答的地方，引到另外一个具有更高关注度的话题。如果你能提供更令人信服的、更具有新闻效应的事实，原来的关注点就会淡化。要拿出更具说服力、更有“眼球效应”的事实和观点来说服媒体和公众。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“旗帜法”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在回答提问中不停地“亮旗”，要求记者关注发言人希望他们关注的核心信息。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">反问法。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">可以通过反问，将问题提升到更高的思考对话层面，引导受众自己来寻找答案。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88321" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); float: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(215, 204, 200);"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 16px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217) transparent transparent rgb(217, 217, 217); width: 0px; height: 0px; float: left;"></section><section style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五</section></section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 52px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(93, 74, 67);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: none; min-height: 1em; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">共鸣法。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">引发记者的共鸣，让他们能够感同身受。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">给大家举个例子，是国务院新闻办原主任赵启正一个很经典的受访片段。2002年，他在访日期间接受了号称“反华斗士”的日本知名记者田原总一郎的采访，在日本观众中产生了很大的影响。田原的问题很简单，就是为什么中国人反日？但他没有这样直截了当地发问，而是引用了一些数据。调查显示日本人当中38.6%的人喜欢中国，22.8%的人讨厌中国，不喜欢也不讨厌的占38.6%。换言之，大多数日本人并不讨厌中国，这就是我们前面强调过的遵循新闻传播的规律，即一定要用事实、数字和细节，而不是空洞的表态。同样的调查还显示，喜欢日本的中国人在1997年占10%，2002年还是10%，而讨厌日本的比例从1997年的34%上升到了2002年的53%。根据这项调查，这位记者得出了一个结论：越来越多的中国人反日。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;">面对田原提出的这样一个“敏感问题”，赵启正首先把这个问题作了一个很好的“归位”，因为他面对的受众是日本的观众，而且这个电视台——朝日电视台是日本右翼的喉舌，其观众中大部分持反华的立场。所以对这样一些人讲中国，要考虑他们的接受习惯，不能用我们的官方表达，比如“我们要把一小撮日本的右翼分子和广大的日本人民区别开来”。于是，赵启正回答道：“我注意到你们的调查是说喜不喜欢日本，而不是说喜不喜欢日本人。”这个转换很巧妙，“日本”是国家及其政府的代名词，因为日本侵略过中国，中国人对日本这个国家及其政府当然没有好感。但是对于日本人民，我们中国人并没有偏见。为了强化传播效果，赵启正还提供了很多细节和事实来强化“中国人并不讨厌日本人”这一观点。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(93, 74, 67); font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;">提到为什么在1997至2002年会有讨厌日本人数的激增，赵启正又进行了第二次“归位”。他从这项调查进行的时间入手，指出当时恰巧在小泉参拜了靖国神社之后，当然激起了中国人民极大的反感。赵启正采用摆事实、讲道理的方式，可以称之为“绵里藏针”。两次“归位”都有对日本批评的因素，但都用对方能够接受的方式进行了内容和形式的重新设置。这个电视节目当时收视率名列前茅，说明赵启正的回答获得了观众的认同和接受。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志。原题目：《提高同媒体打交道的能力——谈谈与媒体沟通时的若干规则》；作者：史安斌）</span></p></div>
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