如何起草企业工作方案
<p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">在企业里，比较让人头疼的就是各类工作方案的起草。笔者体会，起草好方案的精髓有三：一曰立意，灵魂也；二曰布局，骨架也；三曰素材，血肉也。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86591" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 217, 210); line-height: 38px; display: inline-block;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">立</span></strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">意</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">所谓立意，简单地讲，就是要确定方案的主题。同是一篇方案，不同发展行业、不同管理层次、不同立场原则的人给出的方案大不相同，因为他们的聚焦点不同，立意也就不同。因此，在动笔之前，起草者要做的</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一件事就是搞清楚方案为谁而写、为何而写，重点回答好“知其然”和“知其所以然”两个问题</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">以工程项目管理信息化为例。首先，考虑“知其然”的问题。在此，我们不妨先“头脑风暴”一下：为何要开展此项工作？</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是公司年度工作会要求；二是信息化工作会强调；三是公司领导、分管领导和部门领导非常关注；四是国家营改增倒逼；五是企业转型升级需要，等等。其次，对这五个方面进行整合分析。显然，第三点可以融到第一、第二点中去，其余两点在层次上基本不具有大的重叠性和冲突性，可以初步作为工程项目管理信息化这项工作的主题所在。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">那么，如何做到“知其所以然”呢？这就要对上述四点再作深度研究和分析。起草者可以多问几个“为什么”。以上例中第一点为例，为什么开展工程项目管理信息化——公司年度工作会要求；为什么要求——经济形势使然，利润下滑；为什么下滑——项目管理粗放，盈利能力不高；为什么粗放——分包管理，管控不到位，等等。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">通过不断地追问“为什么”，可以帮助起草者围绕主题逐步将逻辑链条构建起来，开展某项工作的背景和意义甚至工作重点也就慢慢浮出水面。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">当然，其中有些链条可能未必准确，在构思的过程中，可以边思考边增删，对于不合适的链条要坚决砍掉，模棱两可的可以暂时保留，或会启发思考。另外，很多时候一个“为什么”会有多个答案，对此要充分估计各自的影响，分清哪个是主要矛盾，哪个是次要矛盾，进而抓主要、抓关键。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">关于立意，需要注意三点：一是上级文件、公司报告和领导要求是方案立意的重要信息来源。二是立意要准确</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">，综合考量，兼顾各方，寻求最大公约数。要避免定调太高，给人不踏实的感觉，也要避免定调太低，影响实际工作的效果。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是扮演好角色分工</strong>，总部说总部的话，基层说基层的话。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86591" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 217, 210); line-height: 38px; display: inline-block;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">布</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">局</span></strong></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">重点谈两点。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">组织问题。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">对于组织问题，可从两个方面考虑：<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是责任分工；二是运行机制。</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">同样以工程项目管理信息化为例。对于职责归属问题，涉及工程部、信息部、基层试点单位、技术支撑团队，要明确谁是牵头部门，谁是配合部门；业务部门干什么，技术部门干什么；总部抓什么，试点单位抓什么；谁是决策者，谁是管理者，谁是执行者，关键负责人是哪些；技术支撑团队中谁是中心力量，谁做外围支撑，他们各自的主要职责是什么。通过对上下、左右、内外相关方关系的梳理，形成一个组织关系图，做到各司其职、相互协作、有序推进。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">对于运行机制，一是根据组织的特点选择合适的方式方法，兼顾通用性和特殊性，突出针对性和有效性，以手段的变化来确保目标的实现；二是运行机制更大程度上反映的是一个组织的管理意识和能力，要注重提升管理者发现现实问题和管控风险的能力。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">工作内容。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">对于工作内容部分，常遇到的一个问题就是无从下笔——“领导说的我都懂，让我动笔就不行”，结果一个方案长期停留在“骨感美”的阶段，迟迟不能出炉。对于这种情况，可以从“找点、抓实、善做、取长”四个方面下功夫。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">所谓</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">找点</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">，就是找关键点。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">可以从公司相关文件中找，从领导讲话中找，从公司级同类会议中找，也就是从上看问题。这些材料通常具有统领性、指导性、原则性，有利于更准确、更清晰地把握一项工作的目标和方向。然后，再在点上进行合理地拓展和丰富。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">所谓</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">抓实</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">，就是对实际问题有清醒的认识。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">从某种意义上讲，一个方案就是连接现实与将来的桥梁。抓实，能够让我们突出问题导向，从下看问题，从同级看问题，让方案有扎根之处，变得有话可说。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">所谓</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">善做</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">，就是立足现实和长远需要，正确处理好“应该做的”“能做的”和“想做的”三者之间的关系。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">一个优秀的方案就是要在现实和目标之间找到可行的道路，这也是体现一个人眼界和能力的重要方面。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">所谓</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">取长</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">，就是保持开放的理念，针对具备一定典型经验、成功做法或是最佳实践的工作而言，可以借他山之石攻己之玉，将好的经验和做法运用到本单位的实际工作中去。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86591" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 217, 210); line-height: 38px; display: inline-block;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">素</span></strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">材</span></strong></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">素材的收集与研究很重要，但在实际工作中，由于时间、人手等原因，容易忽视这方面的工作。这里，有几点需要注意。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是实事求是原则。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">斯隆在《我在通用汽车的日子》一书曾有这样一段话，“作为主席，特别想告诉委员会中的每个人，你们心中不应该预设任何倾向——必须用开放的心态去研究、处理每件事，不要带有偏见，唯一的目的就是掌握事实，而不要考虑它们将把我们引向何处”。只有当我们掌握足够多的事实的时候，才可能进行正确的逻辑构建和分析，作出适应现实的方案选择。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是抽象归纳法。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">在占有大量素材的基础上，透过现象看本质，善于从众多问题中看到深层次原因，搞清楚是管理问题还是技术问题，是常规性问题还是偶发性问题，是战略性的还是战术性的，是个别现象还是普遍现象。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是实践出真知。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important;">在条件允许的情况下，要尽可能地多看、多听、多做、多思考，带着问题、带着想法开展工作，久而久之就能对问题形成深刻的认识。在条件不具备的情况下，要注重与有关工作人员沟通交流，或是听取专家意见，以研讨、座谈等方式，加强信息交流，以获得间接性的经验。这些都有利于在短时间内深化对方案的理解，同时借助外脑更好地开展工作。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志2017年第5期。原题目：《如何起草企业工作方案》；作者：王海静）</span></p><p></p>
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