13种法定公文、20种常见事物文书的写作“套路”
本帖最后由 匿名 于 2018-4-21 09:22 编辑 <br /><br /><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作为机关写手,这些公文写作框架必须掌握了!以下为您分享13种法定公文、20种常见事物文书的写作“套路”:</span><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; border: 1px dashed transparent; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: inherit; font-size: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; border: 1px dashed transparent; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: inherit; font-size: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; border: 1px dashed transparent; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); line-height: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;">法定公文写法</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; border: 1px dashed transparent; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); line-height: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(13种)</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; border: 1px dashed transparent; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); line-height: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;">1、命令(令)</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">命令和令是用于依照有关法律公布行政法规和规章,宣布施行重大强制性行政措施,嘉奖有关单位及人员的文种。此类文件所用范围有限,权威性高,而内容简单,往往只是“某某法规现已经在某级政府常务会议上通过,现予以颁布”,写作难度很低,因此,在写作考试题中极少出现。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">原由——内容——要求;原因目的——规定或措施——希望或要求。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2、决定</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">决定是用于对重要事项或重大行动做出安排、奖惩有关单位及人员、变更或者撤销下级机关不适当的决定事项的文种。如《中共中央、国务院关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》,对人口和计划生育工作、解决人口问题做出安排。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;背景和目的——重要性和必要性——工作举措;目的——理由——安排。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3、公告</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">公告是用于向国内外宣布重要事项或者法定事项的文种。由于指明是向全社会或全世界公告事项,此文种一般只包括标题、正文和发文机关、成文时间四部分,有时加“特此公告”字样,不须写出收文机关或公告对象的称谓,结构相对简单。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;背景——目的或意义——内容——号召;</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4、通告</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通告是用于公布各有关方面应当遵守或者周知的事项的文种。通告的发布有时小于公告,如仅限对国内某一类群体通告事项,一般也无须写出通告对象的称谓,有时需加导语和结语,如“为做好安全监管工作,维护公共安全”,“特此通告,望周知”等。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">为什么——怎么办;目的——要求;事由——措施。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5、通知</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通知是把需要知悉和遵照执行的事项、情况、要求告知、晓示特定对象的公文文种,适用于批转下级机关的公文,转发上级机关和不相隶属机关的公文,传达要求下级机关办理和需要有关单位周知或者执行的事项,任免人员。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">告知对象——告知事项——原因理由——落实要求。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6、通报</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通报是用于表彰先进、批评错误、传达重要精神或者情况的文种。主要作用在于学习其他地区、单位、个人的经验,推动工作发展;吸取教训,防止类似问题的发生;了解情况,促进工作顺利开展。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通报按用途分为三种:表彰性通报、批评性通报、情况通报。<span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通报的主体为四部分:事由、分析判断、决定与措施、要求。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">事情原由——处理情况——经验教训总结——落实或预防要求</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">7、议案</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">议案是用于各级人民政府按照法律程序向同级人民代表大会或人民代表大会常务委员会提请审议事项的文种。此类文件为政府向立法机关提交审议事项专用,写作考试考查的可能性极低。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">提请审议的事项——理由——期望和要求</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">8、报告</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">报告是用于向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、答复询问的文种。按用途可分为:工作报告、情况报告、答复报告、报送文件的报告等。机关常用也是申论考试出现频率最高的报告分别是情况报告和工作报告。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">陈述基本情况——指明存在的问题——提出解决的对策;是什么——为什么——怎么办;背景与内涵——重要性与必要性——重要举措;目的——理由——打算。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">9、请示</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">请示是“适用于向上级机关请求指示、批准”的公文类型。请示按内容、用途可以分为三种主要类型:求示性请示,求准性请示,求转性请示。请示一般由请 示事由、请示事项、结尾三部分组成。结尾常以请求语作结,习惯用的有“以上意见是否妥当,请批示”、“妥否,请指示”、“当否,请批复”、“以上意见如可 行(或如无不妥),请批转有关单位执行”等。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">请示理由——事项——要求;是什么——为什么——怎么办;背景——目的——措施。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">10、批复</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是用于答复下级机关请示事项的文书。在实践中也有许多行文关系不当、错用文种的例子,主要表现在同级机关之间、上级政府所属部门与下级政府之间,本为同级关系,应用“函”而用了“批复”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;背景理由——答复指示——工作要求。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">11、意见</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">意见是用于对重要问题提出见解和处理办法的文种,其内容主体为对策。作为上行文,可用于向上级机关报请批转或转发有关事项;作为下行文,可用于领导 机关或某些重要问题提出处理的方针、原则和措施、办法。以下行文即提出解决问题的对策措施的情况居多。意见的标题由发文机关、事由和文种组成。意见正文的 基本结构:由引言、主体和结尾三部分。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;是什么——为什么——怎么办——怎么样(要达到什么要求);背景与目的(重要性、必要性)——工作举措——工作要求;背景与现状——必要性或原因理由——工作要求;目的——理由——安排——要求。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">12、函</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">函是用于不相隶属机关之间相互商洽工作、询问和答复问题,请求批准和答复审批事项的文种。其突出特点是多为平行文,用于同级机关之间、不同系统的单位之间公文往来。函,本质是一种书信,既有书信的一般特点,又要遵循公文的格式和规范性要求。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;背景——理由——要求。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">13、会议纪要</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">会议纪要是用于记载、传达会议情况和议定事项的文种。纪要中记载的安排部署工作、解决和处理问题的思路、方案、措施的内容,属于对策范畴。与会议记录不同的是,记录往往属于原始记录,对内容未加提炼加工,而纪要则须主旨突出、层次清楚,体式更加严格规范。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;背景——理由——措施——要求。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><img class="img_loading" 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background-color: rgb(238, 237, 235); background-size: 22px; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 常见事务文书写法</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.5938px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); line-height: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(20种)</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.5938px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); line-height: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1、计划</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">计划,属于计划类文书的一种,与规划、要点、方案等类似,均为安排工作性质用于,对全局或单项工作进行预想性的安排部署。四者主要区别在于安排的对象、时间范围不同,其重要性和安排范围是递减式的。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;背景与目的——检查内容;目的——理由——安排;指导思想——工作原则——目标任务——具体措施。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2、汇报</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">汇报是向上级总结工作、反映问题、报告情况、提出意见和建议的文体,通常分为工作汇报和情况汇报两种。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;背景与目的——调查方式——调查内容——调查结果;目的——理由——安排;指导思想——目标任务——内容安排——调查结果;存在问题——原因和影响分析——解决对策。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3、调查报告</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">调查报告是带着一定目的,采取社会化的调查工作方法,在调查取得资料、进行分析研究的基础上,写成的有事实、有观点、有结论的书面报告。调查报告的基本内容是:反映问题现状、陈述事件经过、分析问题或事件、做法的影响、危害、作用、意义,总结经验教训,提出对策建议。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;调查背景——调查方式——调查内容——调查结果——应对之策;调查背景——存在问题——解决对策。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4、讲话稿</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">申论试题中的讲话稿,通常是行政机关工作人员为了特定目的、用于一定场合、面向一定对象发表讲话的文字底稿。<span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">讲话稿的写作,必须服从讲稿六要素:讲者、目的、场合、对象、内容、语言。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;背景介绍——讲话目的或针对的主要事项——表明态度、原则、观点——工作措施——期望和要求。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5、演讲词</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">演讲词也叫“演说词”、“演讲稿”,是用于演讲的文字稿本。演讲词在讲话稿的基础上,突出鼓动性、感染性,含有较多的抒情成分,可使用较为灵活丰富的语言,做到“文情并茂”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">背景、环境、场合——演讲目的、指向的问题——解决的必要性、重要性——对策——感言、倡议、鼓动</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6、答复</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">答复,在现行机关常用文书中,主要指以书面形式对人大代表建议、质询、政协委员提案、人民意见、建议作出的答复。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【具体结构】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">态度——现状——措施;背景——目的——措施——决心或期望</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">7、责任书</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">责任书是行政机关为明确责任和工作目标、任务,调动各部门、单位和个人的工作积极性,推动工作完成、保证工作效率和质量的一种常用文书体裁。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">从使用范围来看,责任书有两种基本形式,一种是单向型,即一个政府、一个部门、一个工作人员自行拟定责任书,在部门内部发送,或是根据要求上报备案;一种是双向型,即上级与下级签订责任书,或从上到下发送责任书,要求管辖范围内的单位和个人遵照执行。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">背景目的、指导思想、政策精神——工作目标——具体任务措施——奖惩措施</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">8、公开信</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">公开信,在申论写作中是一种以党政机关、职能部门(或个人代表部门)面向全体社会成员的公开性书信体裁,其内容大多为从政府角度就某一问题向公众发出倡议,提出要求。本质上是书信体议论文,突出倡议性、呼告性、鼓动性,要求富于感染力和说服力。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">现状阐述——问题——必要性、重要性——对策——倡议号召;是什么——为什么——怎么办</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">9、倡议书</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">倡议书是公开信的一种,范围有宽有窄,既有面向全社会、无确定对象的,也有面向小范围、特定人群的,如机关内部的倡议书、向某小区居民发布的倡议。其写作目的是唤起受众重视、促成共识、引导思想和行为。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">背景——必要性、重要性——倡议内容——结尾再次呼吁;倡议背景——倡议事项——倡议理由——已经或应该采取的措施——倡议大家采取的配合行动。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">10、建议信</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">首先要明确建议的基本概念和要求,再把建议的内容与书信的体裁格式结合起来,写出符合要求的建议书(信)。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">建议是以解决问题为目的的文书,内容主要是对策性的,在形式上与对策有较大的通用性。两者区别在于,对策是抽象性的,并没有对策这种文书体裁;建议 则是一种基于实践的文体,要从事实与科学的角度,阐明问题的危害、原因及采取相应对策的必要性、原理、依据,内容具体,并可含有一定的科学论证内容。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">现状及分析——必要性、重要性——对策措施</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">11、新闻发布稿</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">新闻发布稿是行政机关用于对外发布信息的书面文稿。新闻发布有书面和口头两种形式,发布稿是其依据的文字底本,无论书面或口头发布,都要依据“稿” 即文字底本。其最终接受对象是全体公众,而直接受众则是记者,“内外有别”的程度介于会议(纯内部)和现场讲话(纯外部)之间。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;政策背景——政策内容——决心、表态、期望、要求;事件经过——处理措施 ——决心和态度</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">12、总结</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">总结是对一定时期、单项工作或某一领域全面工作的回顾与分析、评价,内容上可以侧重对情况的客观介绍,即以叙为主;也可以侧重经验、做法、教训的总结,即以论为主。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">情况介绍——措施效果——总结经验教训;工作情况总体概括——具体工作内容及开展情况——存在问题——解决措施——展望未来</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">13、情况反映</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">基本概念与情况综合相同,均属对观点与事实的综合概述。写作时要注意内容的全面性、语言的概括性。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">现状——问题表现与危害——对策措施——启示;问题——原因——对策——启示;认识问题——分析问题——解决问题。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">14、情况综合</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">情况综合,也称情况综述、情况反映,基本内容是在记述事件的发生发展经过和结果的基础上,指出存在的问题,分析问题产生的原因,预测事件或情况发展演进的趋势,提出解决问题的思路或措施。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">基本结构分为三部分:事实概述——问题分析——对策阐述,最后可加表态和未来展望。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">15、编者按</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">编者按本质是一种新闻体裁,是概括新闻主要内容、陈述编者对新闻反映事物(包括事件、观点和做法)的看法、说明编发此条新闻的意图的一种评论文体。它是对转发的事迹材料等做出评论,提出贯彻落实或学习、发扬的意见,通常包括背景目的、内涵实质、意见要求三部分。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么做;背景——目的——内容——要求;问题案例或典型经验的精神实质概括——学习或贯彻落实、吸取教训的意义——学习或落实的基本要求。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">16、新闻</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">新闻、消息、报道、通讯、简讯等为同类文体,即新闻体。申论作答中撰写新闻稿也要体现新闻写作的六要素:5W1H,即“五个W”:Who(何人)、What(何事)When(何时)、Where(何地)Why(何故)“一个H”:How(如何)。综合起来,一篇新闻稿要包括:时间、地点、人物、事件 的起因、经过、结果。这些要素应简洁地交代清楚,用要点的形式来呈现。同时考试中写新闻也要注意写作者的身份和使用范围,如网站新闻和报刊新闻的区别,可 以体现在文头上——前者可写××网讯,后者可写本报讯、××报记者××地区讯、本台通讯员消息等。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">标题——文头(××讯)——导语——主体——结语;基本事实概括——发生背景——事件经过与亮点——意义总结或领导、专家等权威人士的点睛言论。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">17、短评</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">短评、新闻评论也是新闻中的一种文体,与报道性质的新闻稿相比,主要侧重于评论,对于事实经过只须一笔带过,六要素可省略大部分,只要在背景、缘起 部分呈现核心的事实即可;有时也有不针对具体事件,而针对某种现象、态度、看法和观点的评论,即思想评论。评论按写作态度——通常申论态度即为官方立场 ——有批评、赞扬、中立三种基调,可根据评论对象的性质来选择态度,决定评论基调。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">背景缘起——总论点——具体论点——结论;发生了什么事——事情达成的结果或效果——产生的影响——原因、意义或危害分析——推广经验或解决问题的 必要性——希望与建议;存在哪些观点——肯定正确观点——批驳错误观点——激浊扬清、拨乱反正,坚持正确观点和清除错误思想认识的必要性和意义。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">18、讲解稿</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">对某种旅游文化、旅游景观、文化现象、文化遗产、风俗传统等进行讲解、说明,起到宣传、推广目的,有明确的解说对象,通常需要写出称谓。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">由来——传承——现状——意义;景物现状描述——历史传承——现实意义——请求或倡议。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">19、宣传手册</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">宣传手册和宣传提纲本质是同一种文体,通常申论考题不要求写出全文,只要求列出提纲。提纲即是结构框架与内容要点的综合。框架有题干明确提示的,如 黄河文化、安全文化的宣传手册、宣传提纲就各自分了四部分,给出了明确提示,按提示分段落和层次即可;题目没有提示框架的,按一般宣传背景、目的、理由和 措施、要求的顺序来设定框架。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">宣传背景和目的——宣传的事项——理由和意义——措施、请求或倡议。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">20、宣传材料</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">宣传材料、宣传稿是近年考试出镜率较高的一种题型,用途是对社会、企业、公民进行宣传,阐释国家的法律和政策,宣传理念和做法,唤起宣传对象的理 解、支持和配合。公开信、讲话稿、倡议书、宣传材料、宣传提纲这些文体,名目不同,但内容是相近的,表达手法是相通的,都有一定的宣传对象,都要考虑宣传内容和形式的可接受性,所以可以列为一类文体——就是宣传性文体。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【基本框架】</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是什么——为什么——怎么办;宣传什么——为什么宣传——具体宣传内容——需要公众、企业、社会做的事;背景目的——工作举措——号召倡议;目的——措施——倡议;背景和由来——问题现状——已经采取的措施——准备采取的措施——需要群众给予的配合。</span></span></p></h2><p></p>
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