公文的修改润色，重在取舍材料
<p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">修改，是指撰稿人自己在草稿拟出之后进行的反复检查、改动，是公文写作的最后一道程序。刀不磨不快，文章不改不可能好。写文章不易，改文章更难。有人说，一篇文章是三分写七分改，这是有道理的。毛泽东同志曾经批评一些人写文章不做认真修改的草率作风。他说：文章写好后，不多看几遍，象洗脸之后不再照照镜子一样，就马马虎虎发表出来，其结果是下笔千言，离题万里，仿佛像个才子，实则到处害人。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、订正观点</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这是修改的重点，首先要考虑观点是否正确，表达有无问题。如果观点错误或者片面，就要加以纠正，否则就会影响内容表达。观点错误或者片面有三种情况：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1．思想水平不高，认识跟不上形势；</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2．思想方法有片面性，不能辩证地认识分析问题；</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3．掌握的材料少，简单地归纳，做出了不符合客观实际的结论。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">不管哪种原因和问题，在修改公文时，都应把订正观点放在优先审视的位置上进行考虑。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、取舍材料</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通常有四种情况：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1．公文中如果抽象的议论过多，缺乏典型、具体的材料，在修改时就要设法补充能够充分说明观点的材料；</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2．要把那些虽然生动，但从表达的需要来看不利于突出观点的多余的材料去掉；</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3．更换那些缺乏真实性、典型性的材料，另选其他能够说明问题的材料；</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4．改掉那些自相矛盾，夸大缩小，添枝加叶，“合理想象”的材料。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、修改文字</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">可以从三个方面入手：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1．修改不通顺的语言，包括语法不通，逻辑混乱、生造词语；</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2．删繁就简，力避重复；</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3．注意标点符号的使用和修改等。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; widows: 1; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">总之，必须以简明、准确、平实的文字，恰如其分地反映事物的本来面目，充分表达出公文的基本思想。有的总结出写作的“十四个不要”，对公文写作也有启示作用。</p><p></p>
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