公文助手|经验材料写作技巧
<section class="" label="powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: 微软雅黑; -webkit-border-image: none; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-id="85398" data-color="rgb(226, 86, 27)" data-custom="rgb(226, 86, 27)" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section class="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 10px; color: inherit; border: 2px solid rgb(226, 86, 27);"><section class="" data-style="text-align:justify" style="margin: 15px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; text-indent: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">用点上经验指导面上工作,是各级领导机关广泛采用的工作方法。基于此,撰写经验材料也就成为机关工作人员必须掌握的技能。下面,笔者就经验材料的写作技巧谈谈体会。</span></p></section><section style="margin-right: 26.5156px; margin-bottom: -4px; margin-left: 26.5156px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; text-align: right; height: 10px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="" data-id="86516" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><h2 class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: -1px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 18px; max-width: 100%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; line-height: 1.1; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">1、选题——口子要小,立意要新</span></strong></h2></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一份经验材料有无价值和吸引力,在很大程度上取决于主题的选定。选题口子要小。选题不要贪大求全,面面俱到。口子张得太大,什么都想写,反而什么都说不透。反之,口子收得小一些,集中写某个方面的经验,不仅能写得充实生动,还能起到“小中见大”的作用。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">立意要新颖独到。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">能否“出新”是检验经验材料成功与否的重要标志。“出新”不是脱离实际地哗众取宠,而是要通过对材料的提炼,发现他人未发现的东西,抓住普遍存在而未能很好解决的问题,或是人们都想办而不知怎么办的事情去总结和提供经验,这样的经验才有意义。举个例子,同是总结抓典型方面的经验,如果从怎样宣传典型的角度去选题,很难写出新意来。换个角度,从“怎样让先进典型不吃亏”去总结,就很有新意。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">标题要朴实醒目。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">总的原则是既要力求朴实,让人一看便知主题是什么;又要力求醒目,让人看了能留下深刻印象。常见的标题制作形式有以下几种:<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是直接表述。</span>如,《我们开展岗位练兵的几点做法》,让人一看就明白在谈哪方面的经验。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是间接表述。</span>如,《引入竞争机制 激发工作热情》,使人既知道基本做法,又知道目的、效果。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是提问式。</span>如,《我们是如何做好竞争上岗工作的》,通过提出问题,引人想知下文。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是对比式。</span>如,《从二十三人受处罚到荣立集体三等功》,通过前后对比,给人留下深刻印象。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="" data-id="86516" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><h2 class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: -1px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 18px; max-width: 100%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; line-height: 1.1; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">2、素材——情况要真,挖掘要深</span></h2></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">经验材料要靠事实说话。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如果掌握的素材不充分,写起来就很费劲,即使勉强拼凑出来了也很难给人以启发。因此,要写出有价值的经验材料,首先要在调查情况、占有素材上下功夫。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">围绕主题挖掘素材。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">收集和掌握素材,通常有两种情况:一种是目的很明确。如总结某项试点经验,因试点前已有具体方案,对要解决的问题、方法、步骤等都很清楚,只需要围绕主题,按照既定方案去了解效果和寻找事例,这样的素材比较好掌握。另一种是目的不很明确,往往只知道某单位某方面工作有特色,但具体有何特色并不清楚。这就需要通过初步调查,尽快把主题大致明确起来,然后再围绕主题去充分挖掘和占有素材。否则,很可能素材记了一大本,动笔写时全没用。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">点面结合挖掘素材。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">点,是指典型事例;面,是指综合情况。有点无面,经验就缺乏说服力;有面无点,经验则缺乏感染力。因此,<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">在挖掘素材的时候,既要注意掌握面上的情况——主要做法、综合效果、数字分析等;又要注意了解典型事例——能够说明主题和效果的具体人、具体事。</span>尤其是对典型事例的前因后果,一定要深入了解、细致掌握,不可一听即过。这是因为,经验材料的生动性,往往取决于具体事例的典型性,“与其把十个例子点到,不如把一个例子写好”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">不带框框挖掘素材。</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">经验从实践中来,观点从素材中来。</span>带着思想框框去挖素材、找例子,很容易浅尝辄止。需要注意的是,这与围绕主题挖掘素材并不矛盾。因为明确主题后,只是为收集素材提供了大致方向,并不是要定下观点再去找事例。在实际工作中,有些同志习惯于先搭好架子再去了解情况,搜集素材时也喜欢在了解做法、体会上下功夫,这样很容易挖掘不深。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">正确的方法应该是把重点放在了解典型事例和综合效果上。</span>这方面的素材充分占有了,主题、观点、做法、体会等都可以从中产生。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="" data-id="86516" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><h2 class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: -1px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 18px; max-width: 100%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; line-height: 1.1; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">3、结构——谋篇要精,布局要好</span></h2></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一份完整的经验材料,通常由开头、正文、结束语三个部分组成。其中结束语这一部分,如果不是在会上介绍,一般也可以舍去不写。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">开头部分</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">,一般先开门见山地对要讲的主题作个简要介绍,然后高度概括地介绍一下整体效果,由此再自然而然地引出做法来。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">正文部分</span></span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span>,常用的有两种结构形式。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">一种是横式结构,按问题的性质,从几个侧面和角度来说明,相互之间为并列关系。</span>即一篇经验中的几点主要做法,通常是同等重要、平起平坐的,既不能互相代替,也不能出现遗漏。如,有份题为《从抓基层干部入手 促进<纲要>在连队贯彻落实》的经验材料,主要写了三条做法:第一,形成外界压力,增强基层干部高标准建设连队的责任感;第二,增强内在动力,调动基层干部争创先进连队的积极性;第三,提高自建能力,打牢基层干部抓好经常性工作落实的基本功。“压力”“动力”“能力”三者同等重要,缺一不可。只有使基层干部既有压力,又有动力,并有能力,才能把《纲要》落实到基层。在处理并列关系上,必须注意,“并列只能是同等重要、同一层次上几个问题的并列”,不能把大小不一的问题相提并论。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">另一种是纵式结构,按照事物发展过程来叙述,几个观点或做法,既互相联系,又逐步深入,相互之间为递进关系。</span>如,有份加强干部队伍建设的经验,具体写了三点做法:一是全面考核,力求选准配强;二是加强培养,努力提高素质;三是保持稳定,不断增长才干。这三点做法,逐步深入地回答了“选配—提高—稳定”这三个一环紧扣一环的问题。在处理递进关系上,必须注意,“递进只能按事物的客观规律和发展顺序递进”,不能违背规律而任意颠倒。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">无论采用何种结构形式,具体到每个问题或每个做法,一般都由“为什么、是什么、怎么样”这三个要素构成。“为什么”,即提出问题,讲清目的;“是什么”,即回答问题,交代做法;“怎么样”,即运用结果,证实效果。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><section class="" data-id="86516" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><h2 class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: -1px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 18px; max-width: 100%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; line-height: 1.1; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">4、文字——行文要活,语言要美</span></h2></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一篇辞义相彰的应用文,能够给人以美感。而经验材料作为写作要求更高、表现手法更灵活的应用文,尤应在文采上下功夫,包括结构、句式、遣词的精心设计。当然,经验材料的写作毕竟不同于文学创作,应本着符合实际、实事求是的态度,一切杜撰以及胡乱夸张,都应坚决予以摒弃。在具体写作过程中,需注意以下几点:</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">思想文字都要精。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">思想要精辟,抓住要害去点明主题,写出深度,防止一般化;文字要精练,三言两语就切入正题,引出下文,不要弯弯绕。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">表述方式要灵活。</strong></span>要把讲究条理和力求活泼有机地结合起来。条理不清不行,但通篇“一是、二是”也容易显得死板,因为经验材料毕竟不是指令性文件,只有把条理与灵活这两者都照顾到,才能做到既思路清晰,又生动活泼。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">进入角度要有异。</span></span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span>在同一篇经验材料中,每个问题的进入角度最好有所区别。如果千篇一律都由“因此”“为此”引出做法,同样显得死板单调。为了避免雷同,有的可以从正面进入,有的可以从反面进入,有的亦可以从侧面进入。</span></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="" label="powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; -webkit-border-image: none; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 104, 39); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">来源:<span style="max-width: 100%; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">秘书工作</span></span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 104, 39); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important;">本文如涉及版权问题,请与我们联系。</span></p></section><p></p>
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