公文写作常见的6种开头形式
<p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一般而言，撰写公文的开头应开门见山，起句立意，简洁精炼，富于概括力，切忌无端“戴帽”，空洞乏味。具体来讲，主要有以下几种形式：</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据式</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即开头交代行文的根据，以保证发文的法定权威性，一般多用“根据”、“遵照”、“按照”等作为语言标志。用来作为行文根据的，通常是党和国家的某项方针政策、法令法规；上级的文件指示精神；某会的决定以及本单位的实际情况等。例如《××市商业局关于实行经营责任制的决定》开头：</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据市委商业改革会议的精神和我局试点的经验，局党委决定……”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">目的式</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即在开头交代行文的目的或意图，开宗明义，以便受文机关明确发文机关的意图，一般常用“为”、“为了”等介词标引。如《××市人民政府关于查禁赌博的通告》开头：“为了保卫现代化建设顺利进行，根据国家有关法令，特通告如下。”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3、</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">原因式</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即在开头讲明制发文件的缘由，以揭示行文的必然性和合理性，还可昭示行文的必要性与重要性。一般用“由于”、“鉴于”等介词标引。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如《中共中央关于关心人民群众文化生活的指示》，开头为：“随着国民经济情况的逐步好转，在人民群众物质生活相应提高的同时，广大群众对文化生活也提出了要求。……”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4、</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">引文式</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即指开头先引用文件或领导讲话中的某些句子作为引言或点明主旨。例如《中共××省委、省人民政府关于印发全省教育工作会议纪要的通知》开头：“现将《全省教育工作会议纪要》印发给你们，望结合本地区、本部门的实际情况，认真研究贯彻执行。”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5、</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">时间式</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即开篇点明某事、某情况的时间，可写具体时间，也可用“最近”、“近来”等模糊度稍大的时间副词，还可用“……之后”句式开头。如《x×区人民政府关于贯彻饮食卫生现场会决定的报告》开头：“九月二十日，市政府召开饮食卫生现场会，通报了我老秘网区x×饭店出卖臭肉包子的情况后，引起区政府的高度重视……”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6、</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">事情式</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即开篇简明扼要地介绍事件或情况，给人以清晰印象。如民政部《关于增加选举工作干部编制名额的请示》开头：“经中央批准，今年县、乡两级选举的日常工作由民政部门负责。但是在确定民政部门人员编制时，没有选举工作这项任务。为了做好这项工作，需要给民政部门增加必要的编制……”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上述诸种开头方式，仅就常见情况略作罗列，其实，开头方式远不止于此。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">究竟应采取何种方式，应根据内容表达的需要而定，关键是要注意能确实地突出全文主旨，并紧紧地抓住读者。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0em; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源：网络</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文仅供交流学习，若来源标注错误或侵犯到您的权益，烦请告知，我们将立即删除。</span></p><p></p>
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