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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 7 f0 i5 h0 q+ f2 t$ ]$ Mmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:$ v _! B2 ~! E( D$ A0 q6 J& Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第% B4 a/ J% K+ N* ^- [: w: |2 W
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( k: C4 @/ B2 {9 f0 x& Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。, |+ N! e" f" D" Z f) Q6 S
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, \( L% q% T4 q3 J) VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。! }$ \ J. ^6 j7 l/ ~5 h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。) r3 L" T% R) @0 n5 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？* k. ?* X4 s Ocolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 M! E9 L/ S4 y8 u U% P! RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。9 t1 E& @3 Z9 U# Z1 @! U
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3 J' q5 m9 v( C- z# F4 k7 v/ xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。( t3 C6 n6 o+ `4 b3 Q% S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白3 }8 U2 O6 |+ i, B' ]- [
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4 z4 y! O% S% Z- q. rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学' i; p- W1 A) c0 ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么5 {* P( a4 v; `8 n0 Z7 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 G& P7 k$ q" K3 @% X9 Q
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9 j) j* B/ r' J. w4 J0 ?1 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。! _% f: C- P4 s0 R0 e0pt"> 2 }. u! _$ r5 I- @5 `Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
* X+ f7 S1 [/ \+ k2 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”/ A# u- L$ R/ m* r
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% v4 \1 Q0 g6 H/ Z: z; ~' R+ o B2 dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚* ^! O' u% Z2 ~% i* Jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 8 l+ O7 T4 q5 [# u) b$ ?
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5 C% t% T4 d5 Y' BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假8 D7 e7 V% Q# I# l
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, F1 o0 E. b. B6 @# D8 [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是. a$ C1 s- z6 G, \6 G
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& T# X* m2 X9 i/ q0 ~' hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题- _1 W1 s) L/ j4 ^2 U: nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; v4 e, Q* w' ^4 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。+ b" O! ]/ @7 z. Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; }, G) K; H0 y6 o7 [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴* J: K6 F- }" n$ J8 G Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 {/ z' j! M, G, I+ f/ o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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