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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 9 h2 r+ z, p6 _, g4 s
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. Y% A- H R' P. nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第- K- [( R* n% B5 p+ t$ |mso-font-kerning:0pt">14 Q; P+ l: |* o4 p2 Y+ E
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& y7 P6 S# o6 m9 Y9 h5 S l9 Y$ Y2 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。( T1 p, ]8 v9 A, ^! z! m, |color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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6 C' G$ N; R& P7 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。* G: k- N* I9 ]) x$ N* pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。9 j: H' q D# F+ V. u! Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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, s3 \( x0 R2 _& T% \; w! ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？9 _$ s* v n$ `) x( T0 ?" w
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$ t- z, f. R+ q" h. NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。& a4 \6 Z" y- N' G% M6 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt"> * D( h0 Q& d `; A; q4 ]0 S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服# a" `$ o! {2 p4 C# ]6 ~0 V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢* J7 ^+ F; @ h$ y! {mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 5 N [1 y+ f5 z, ` D8 F7 K- P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的7 \& j" d. _0 A i0 t7 ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白0 A! {4 o0 Y0 M# d6 G$ g. P: z! Q
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# O8 @3 a- N3 @ o& ]$ iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学8 z& t- e; i" Z% W* p0 m7 N
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么: N" J+ |% `7 K8 Z, S7 u
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/ B- G; x5 O2 X7 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？# w0 v& n6 R, g& Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">——( @" q d4 d T1 {" A ?
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; |5 ^ W# L7 }7 K* Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。& {' V; S1 n. G; U' ~
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5 T* L3 C& }" s, i% }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说2 Y3 U ~9 Y8 s" Y$ _: e
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" R! d- v' D$ ~1 L2 dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚2 \. }- O) C" w8 a" E0 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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y# d4 b' r% t( s8 G' {! |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！% A5 k3 k7 e5 q, r) F5 `: Y6 i
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; d6 W& b' M' D# }* ^4 iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假/ l/ v; I$ K8 L- h' Q! L- W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是( Q8 G0 M# [( b% }; d. Y7 H# @7 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) y$ C5 n& ?- l- Y
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$ C6 O& q* J0 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。5 e7 m8 _4 @4 d& pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 B- Q; Y% Q2 |2 B( cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, W6 ~( l" s% ~8 q6 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴, J( _7 K3 Z* x; ?/ i6 c* R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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