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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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6 k+ e3 R) E. @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第, H- j* o! k0 t; k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：9 i& V) T. S B' @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。( O& R' F" c8 e$ {
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8 O( @* R. J5 KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。) z& P6 G3 E8 x6 I7 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- I/ G% y3 m$ `3 ]9 C) \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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) a3 e% O' m0 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经$ {6 S2 @5 |7 s0 w1 v$ ^& i( H
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. E8 g9 _, ^6 X; D* smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。 |% _* T3 @% B$ u9 o z$ h
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: a1 X" \5 d( ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：5 y* o# {; J' G. I% j" X7 t0pt">“1 n* ^$ q+ a" [! v8 h/ n
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？. a; u7 a- C. M7 d% C6 O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，! K3 d8 T+ X' U! |7 e' o
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$ C, J! c4 o7 y: ^, }8 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐* _* c3 U1 a) D2 A0 ?/ h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种1 r/ z) [' i* {# A3 {8 a( Y1 K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的5 H# u j1 ^3 h- r' R1 W3 b# h
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/ k6 C& u ?: k$ x4 [# O3 Z& f3 F4 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐! N+ y( s5 K& ]0 n: [* d! B2 Z, |; B
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* G/ p7 E' t" Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，' @& e( `6 H! z& u
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& K) M1 Y/ V' r- k, u0 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教# b: P& q) \& r$ H: J
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3 w) \1 K, k+ h; e8 ~9 y g3 PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌7 w* y* z8 |2 v" o3 {3 @& M+ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">305& x# q' P8 h! Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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3 y4 U, O7 V6 R! e$ f5 l: K: Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：) u" z+ u. H) @. P s+ t! W4 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: ^/ n( u1 M% P' M. p+ Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ L- l- |0 M9 C/ v$ W+ b k
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。/ j+ U6 B# @) M! R$ H
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- H& `$ v# w" x) Q9 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语! m. p* M6 |( s" P) A; [$ H8 x
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2 j" ~5 J/ M4 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。8 E1 Y" ]' M0 h
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0 f( B( k( ^& w$ p3 O1 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过2 X* B6 t* U7 w7 f" B8 v
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/ ^' v$ t1 L) Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨2 [! E9 m9 G7 Q4 a7 }: r @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; D; o) k1 f3 i" P
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; ?- ]% ]# ~6 n3 q) e: s$ Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人& m i: S/ q9 q& \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。! C7 c4 @" i3 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 Q* G% b8 \) P3 y$ n( Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。( _3 D: k# q/ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">” - `! o9 z! E' S4 t: a1 K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。; P1 A# e9 M" h+ u$ I( k( `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。2 x) u' b( j+ F5 r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。& y' W* x3 \; T' e: B
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% v7 A. P. R* t0 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃+ \8 X$ T: _- |+ ]
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* Y3 `0 d! h6 b* q* T5 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”$ Q5 }) L; X$ F4 f4 z
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. t& F) B- f4 d) ?- d/ Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。% y" l$ M. K( P- z6 Amso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 c+ K8 @& ~: y0 D X9 K
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2 R1 T: Z, w- G# q K$ \, I* }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。8 j0 L. a3 I9 O+ P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于, k0 g+ u+ C9 W3 \: I# F% G/ @
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- ?! {" z1 P( j1 W: Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓; @- i0 G5 I( N
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: Y; O5 K0 G2 V# ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴: Z0 q8 `# k t) a" b+ f7 c0 a! A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓4 E {! { ^* k7 \+ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 }: P, H n' D# p2 M; pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ ~! I$ d/ l) y9 O" o9 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观# M5 Q7 w8 X; N
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6 p9 E' f( n( p/ Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓8 a+ z& i7 o# h& \! g$ F, H( K7 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 D, J1 P) B9 W+ } k
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$ \. A, F: d; r$ l& R1 R n' Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群7 X5 i" L4 G" u0 H+ `( gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! ^* K; |/ t1 g5 Y: V/ `! k
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: j) R0 s ]' a9 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓: y: J+ N# \# W8 Y9 S
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2 @, t+ d+ ]5 b; fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼: \' e5 o: i9 P" e' ]+ w. z0 Y! ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 g7 K+ j% K6 q; I* L# m6 r& i
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6 X& D* p* q2 ]. smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 l/ K) R: i: v4 x4 }& w6 h0 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">.1 d6 \7 t" `8 c0 }7 |" cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* m( }# g" B& u5 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能9 o0 ]. I4 B* x! j) \: S6 {! e+ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 P% c* r0 O3 H8 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 I% m. }' M9 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹0 Q5 W! Q* Z0 O) _mso-font-kerning:0pt">.5 H) i' S& y/ w3 {9 B+ x V
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& V- m% f" q+ x u" I" jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人5 o+ O/ h! d& S* H2 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# K! `+ ]) R/ y8 C" x
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! Z! d) i) e0 \ G- d Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。0 }+ y' Y$ G+ u* Y2 j* vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& n5 M& \2 j6 ~0 i! G% V$ LTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：( p- G2 Z" q. w0pt"> 6 l6 {5 _" x! k. b( H$ l% j
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+ N" A) @# e, O' t7 Z3 B/ e+ y0 v; |" r# Z% |' k, ~1 y4 y" Wmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
8 @7 H; a8 R; p* ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。" e0 V m& Y/ d. ~7 c+ q3 c
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* O1 W! k) g9 l7 S; sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。+ T1 b1 s, p* G$ g" N8 p/ Zmso-font-kerning:0pt"> - u7 Y$ F; W3 z
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& z3 l8 l' L% N& g! X lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱$ V+ d4 y: V+ ]$ o
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0 {0 F4 Q0 P' E7 q7 e- w, _4 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧1 v& f1 b& F+ z9 J. F
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
