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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* E& H3 P5 N- F* n5 K5 y6 h$ R8 ]1 v/ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">28 x9 n/ F. ~- h7 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% c: r+ H r! u9 o+ N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。8 V' C2 i9 g7 }9 K0 g+ G M7 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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: e& ?5 F# [% N4 eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。: V6 X7 ^5 p, U4 i& b7 a( Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“ n$ S" a [8 h3 O8 c) f( Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经# R! ^# F0 y& x' x8 [' e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。- y6 x! N: H* p( t2 [ d W1 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：/ \ k. T( @( I3 [- N1 ^6 u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是) e2 f3 @% a. T0pt">‘ i$ `1 a6 m6 E* R9 K& }- wTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;! J+ ~2 r; n, e5 B
mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。1 W& J* j: E: U: M* W" y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？# |) H5 p! u+ `+ Q) f
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，* f" _" b4 f; X/ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 {1 y& n$ n, U, }$ x% h2 k4 n+ l. E; c0 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。- ^- S2 \* J: Z$ i
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% m' M* @9 q+ V% A: zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：. E6 h! y1 R4 V$ e0pt">“" }3 O9 n% D7 m
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' `3 t& Z" s5 W$ M E+ J: ^) g8 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种, c% B, z- ] b) k2 ` F( c: Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( S$ `2 r' | C2 g
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' G( n$ E: G2 X1 U5 y7 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的: u; V: ^6 m+ b; y+ E# R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，5 u" J/ I" ^( z7 x1 k+ d! t: e7 Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。& d1 d0 } e# [! j1 _7 f- |- H# s) smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: F9 Y7 ]" o8 \3 P; OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌3 p9 b; \/ |! W) ^/ X* A p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视6 U1 M9 w" H. b7 n" n9 Y& i: X3 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ A S1 B/ Y8 o$ I8 ^4 l1 d* N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗. ~1 K4 N7 T D, Z- C& R. l. J- W& L+ P+ r
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6 {- v1 L* s. x8 a! Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：, p7 R' w; _ b" T1 g1 V) s8 W( A/ W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。6 o1 e9 L. i$ i1 J" o+ C T o/ Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语" D, P, s/ {/ \0 |2 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">•5 B/ u' Q+ P- h4 K l
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: M! L& o4 {, dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）" r5 c, q& r! Y& F# q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。6 N* F) r" B: U+ [# p
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, V* \5 T3 y# E$ p# pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语: l0 z/ w: q5 B, g; `mso-font-kerning:0pt">•) o4 R8 F' \* a9 m* r# tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 e' H* Q: Y6 z' ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过$ X4 v8 |; Q5 e: k' |
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$ }3 [# y6 p, u; ]4 l7 A' k) |" Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨 e5 F, x3 D u& {, }5 T) {' D6 {; F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人0 D5 A1 C1 _, ]$ G5 m' _' @
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! ~; E% ?6 c6 A# e& kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。7 O6 e2 R# Q E9 h& T! y% Bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 5 A0 ^# k% s3 { G- d5 Q/ a& G5 O6 a: M
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' k1 S0 m6 C( K6 a/ GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。% M8 Q3 C& G' q3 U/ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ F' Y3 t4 M! H; e3 M- Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 z w1 @6 y9 {& s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。& Z n2 |. E% _3 ^$ hmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' D5 `, J9 } H$ h8 X% _
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0 y+ l; y9 ]4 m2 s) N" ITahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英: m# p% i$ o! T" i
0pt">： 8 a7 G& q; Y# t9 a: V0pt">
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+ S$ Y( b) u/ p0 O' B" kmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
: u6 ~6 {9 S$ F, j. J" g: T0 t, ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。9 D- |0 K8 d' N6 g" U ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">——# M4 P! u: r4 Y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 O; U7 n. i4 _% x
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
^+ D- I' `& T7 O9 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批) w7 c- f( V3 L) n
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( l3 `& N) d$ N! ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 }' t' ^% E* Z) A, [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”6 q, \* q+ h; i$ R* pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——& C( o* x" V# M2 I- M8 C9 `8 F5 z
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 s' j) e I' F' N: jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。6 b5 f, D' g* ~7 s9 s& d2 U
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' p; q+ Q- [4 P; Y8 d; c6 x1 e# `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。; f* ?6 \! J; W1 T4 }
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 ^3 S/ n2 h3 y" e- @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 T; s/ ]2 B% J" \7 v
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于$ R* z2 v. a& Y
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' u4 @ j9 B: V) `/ s( Q$ {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴* J* Z! A5 a. _8 Q' E: q- c4 q' Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”- [' \8 o7 W4 D# Q# X: l. n7 _3 Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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! |; y, {7 m# Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观/ O9 Y# e4 C" V7 m4 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”& R" G) h, F2 e2 h7 S
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 [' |2 P5 J' b7 S! C. q+ }
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5 {& @! a" S. I3 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群4 @7 p) t5 x. c' u5 x9 R4 j( B
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 p" j7 ]' U- w _9 K: x1 r$ v6 F2 g5 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨# ^$ W* U7 ]/ I2 r/ s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓" C2 ~. z2 K# H7 O, s: \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴 R; b' O5 o$ ?$ f! n; Q
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7 d: {; @9 [6 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓4 x, {! v( _2 k! _) k4 I) C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观- M2 j v! W, c8 K4 A! i% e' kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: Z3 a: q7 `6 o! c1 M3 `
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 Q% B3 h: s# }2 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓: ]4 k- {# C" J/ M3 f8 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) l% c# R, m0 @+ G$ F
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. U S; s0 M3 c1 @) r. p1 U
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群, a, W3 d3 Q2 g0 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. S& g2 f; L" r: s' S; q. f0 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 e! D6 q" B X) R& n5 P7 J! Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓, g( D: ~# h) E! ^( Z3 T" F
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ A: g6 E3 j7 R, Y0 Q% I" Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 M( f* b, B7 J; x- W7 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨/ [) y$ ]# a* m2 i' b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼4 A' n! \2 b$ B) p% N
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, C/ a; j5 I# {' Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤9 a% m, R5 \3 a% q2 k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语4 P" [8 k9 V. q/ |5 e/ Q( K: [
mso-font-kerning:0pt">.* C @9 r% k1 s( F" F7 h0 o2 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! O3 t" u# s" E2 c8 G( X7 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能0 j; K% U# n3 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' x- @6 l) _+ h) c \" D5 R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒" {$ }0 y7 h n8 [' a, T: s& ^9 M* K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹. [' Z& ~7 z0 {- b% e4 G2 c; Emso-font-kerning:0pt">.% r' f" s3 L: l6 u" Z, M5 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人1 d# F5 r% R+ F3 I3 E
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# E2 ^' A" A7 V$ N8 W( T$ Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪; X3 e) B: U6 j+ m; C% f
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L6 F- Y% I" `' Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。3 X) j9 Q$ ^' S& V0 o- R6 [4 A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。' a, y5 Z$ z$ o+ k; |" u# @5 smso-font-kerning:0pt">9 ^! s W0 t. `- x8 T4 {
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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" E7 C3 h/ I3 j5 o6 }2 i; yTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：) h# b" V, U2 a5 z5 V; F8 Z0pt">
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/ x$ t4 f" ^' v L0 u4 E8 ^0 ^, oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理0 j# f- N+ n. ~6 d: T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。' x1 f! L7 z7 t9 B5 G3 Y3 gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + \" a' i8 q" M% S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱8 ?5 u; _6 g3 E7 d. A$ w
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：# Z: t( i* [: k' w* Z6 R0pt">
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$ N0 c* u7 G8 m; O5 c$ c* CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧9 p& E$ X- @0 E6 x) G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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