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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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8 }/ [) s2 i% t2 Q4 r) ~4 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 c+ q3 B; y2 m% K
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5 X4 W' x9 J3 K2 A' k$ N$ d/ }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。/ y N( a I; b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。. b+ ]! _" k# y5 O7 P0 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 q* M; z5 p# d- b& Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! U0 h5 H) A2 c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。' A* B+ j3 b6 M- L' M. N
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! p6 N# O O- y% `( |5 |& zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？6 i9 @! P& x, n7 w A7 j: ]6 L2 ~
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6 ^. X' W9 w4 y% P9 N8 \6 o ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，, J/ A, j* d7 b( \# [) [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种. L9 z7 L7 H, f0 I: v8 k B9 n- }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的8 A6 v- i+ S* }
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$ K0 g6 G4 }" o Y; t5 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，/ Z" v4 y$ }7 q: D6 j* ~- x) `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, ^. ^) x* {1 ~, P3 Y$ d9 _1 l C
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌, z1 R8 i, k+ a. ^0 X" Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">3051 D/ A' p& |' V1 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ \0 J/ K& {6 S$ c9 I# H3 O! G f
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- ?9 P/ p0 C# Z! j, B8 Z4 P; Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说： N. I& j3 `& r
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- o6 l* u" x5 m( W% jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# s' K6 @ r: P$ h5 U- }7 f; S2 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。% e7 X) c: g3 Y6 }) zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 e/ L8 U, S& J3 Y" V/ V, D
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; \! T5 Z$ L4 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过7 T/ _' [0 i9 e5 N& P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨4 I; m- K# {% a4 N6 ~4 smso-font-kerning:0pt">”; C) ]+ Z, d9 x' nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ G2 f' l B' L3 t! F
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人) e, {3 b& V8 E5 D, s
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0 h) j. m' ?! i; Q* |4 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。* W$ |2 L+ X1 F' A6 t) a. ^mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 3 {/ G3 [/ w( [, K
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; k9 ^, n* Y) L/ E( B2 j0 }6 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。& ]8 y7 `2 A4 s% K- h* \
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。0 q) _* o1 U; b* Y
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0 u" |- Z$ _" {% O; Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃/ p" F2 N3 H- `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批7 d& \' I/ c! I$ X6 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. `+ d( d% ? K; U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”7 Q' R0 J# G+ M- G* v) T4 G3 a$ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— q; Z5 ^1 \: n- C8 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 c- z: {. r" z; e# D: m3 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。( n; k" Y5 H: o0 C$ P/ `$ g9 d6 pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> # v5 T2 d1 z) z- O7 C9 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。; {. q2 V5 ~' S1 j" I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于: e1 f2 n. [& ~4 ~! D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观6 s( D$ P7 J! j$ o9 I& v* r
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5 W4 i+ C6 C( m: T+ [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群( b* e9 b; Y9 D* T/ ^" X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨* `" v" H( u& W' f9 {0 c% Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓7 O% H$ M% z' R: f
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+ N9 ]# Q+ y/ umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴$ r3 m& [4 s# H: n8 z# C ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) D. C4 N4 k4 C& B$ ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 M3 @; r# R" h% D
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓. }& m; U/ q1 u2 amso-font-kerning:0pt">“: t8 J" v$ T& W2 q* D0 w! t8 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 `6 |' [) I# R ^5 R( v
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观" B1 K0 _+ ?. S: {% O1 G7 F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓 ?& ~; M2 o$ G) d7 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, Q) s- h$ v. w# pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 H6 ? [2 ^, P/ [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群; u6 c4 k9 W" z% c( [* h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓1 m$ A4 e6 V4 Q8 x m0 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 w/ E E) _; q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 e' h9 D& a- ~. \7 r. fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨1 K; X& a3 y1 c p' f; ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. J$ b& U# L( E0 a# F
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ I7 E, Y: \- A+ n" J* tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼7 B3 R& Y8 G5 H( B
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) Y+ F, h2 M* J: t' B- G( Q6 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤3 v4 S; y2 A4 H. n% k+ Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 }$ t7 ~. B; q6 i/ r8 [- g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语' J$ @8 Y: @4 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">.- o; G5 W3 U: c
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8 {+ a, ^% I; I$ t/ Z/ p% W+ J6 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能4 S v% r& m6 v9 q4 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 e, p& w/ c" P! S: `. k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒4 A" [' \4 B/ |) v! S$ o- l& ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) ?- E3 Y4 W( ^% r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹0 `. w# R6 \' C9 O% Y. Z! O
mso-font-kerning:0pt">.$ N: s! ~4 X2 e. y% M% E0 |
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0 R7 T# g4 |3 n* [" @& Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人8 [" ]0 c1 t& _7 Z# \7 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- b/ |3 D! ^0 O" Q. D5 v
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ U2 B$ h4 Y6 \: ?! F5 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪& ?0 r5 Q* H8 [3 @, ^. i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# j% K* p6 T' n6 ~: |: s# Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">., W5 n# |. J* G# c# u
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) {8 g3 m0 U! u) ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。3 U1 \3 W: Q6 N Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。) U, A0 N$ x: ^! x! p _; m7 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">4 Z9 M: Z8 M7 g
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7 U3 N n4 [7 Q& q% \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理6 P$ R: l5 X- y! ^ X9 G7 A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。 p& B7 s8 e# s
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) q, H( W4 \( ]5 N. Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱/ J7 A0 }- z) l( k r: P! i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧/ s9 C- b% [" O9 ]0 e$ A
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