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5 ~7 m" I2 k! O7 iTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网( W! _; @- w0 j) v2 x) Z5 q7 y3 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ# S% `8 J8 A/ w4 V% Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! g2 Z/ y6 O8 b/ K. amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。' C# x; ^$ Y2 q I" ]4 k
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3 y3 c2 E/ B& g9 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! z. H. [" i) \+ y( kmso-font-kerning:0pt">5 E$ v7 J3 Q. {. W; Y
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/ T9 l) W I' l& M& J7 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：5 g. d$ g( L' ?; h6 c) q0 h
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; `. j" _; I/ o! w' a$ Z0 q/ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：, [3 ~ R7 w& [, n/ Z: ^
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: M2 G: ?6 g6 k: M& p, i5 |3 f& Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：. d/ q: p: g( O2 H* emso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 S5 h/ ^6 u) g- Imso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
% h( b7 E) W0 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。1 n, \$ l4 v: r$ c4 ]/ Z- h4 ^: {color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ X. a/ g+ ^# Y* V
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) C0 C5 _- T% R2 u' R; ^5 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？- c& I3 b9 @; b- f1 u# m. a- S4 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 i/ e- K; V( |! t" F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：9 l1 O n" G( `0 u; N- ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& u8 Y! `( ?9 B- t/ y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! @ `1 y# o9 Z4 A. i$ {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。: {9 i* s, I* Q g5 d( umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) [$ b. j" H# e/ ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：) T* A9 u9 t# W, q) ?10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 H9 K8 |7 q6 @2 K9 x1 w1 }mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
5 c: ?4 E8 M- h3 ~0 |9 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。* L- n% G/ q" I5 Q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ g$ z5 u/ {5 |7 k: ^, P! xmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
' M2 j# i. b% |- R) I @# g/ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：% R6 S" m: h/ i0pt">"* W( R& d( u+ T2 Z9 v3 H5 ^7 Lmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:+ k% A1 c3 W! [# ~! Z* {
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。% a3 @. V7 U. j- i+ ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：/ ^; s: x* P' J5 m+ ^7 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">"- {9 w2 S" x" o- B2 R1 o8 I* t, S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢& x" c3 {: I) y; o1 g+ A* i) Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ; N- X* D2 x5 e3 r7 Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 r3 x" K' B2 k9 p4 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：* _3 l# u: c: e+ g* r5 Y: [# umso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 U7 b5 Z( F( ?; M& ~' Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 Q4 w4 r( U+ ^0 M# f; Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。( F, V _: q7 m* Y! vmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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$ W P6 I% Y& L' B8 Y! Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是8 x# p" p- T# m q/ A7 `/ D10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 b5 { {7 }0 |3 }5 N' j
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: x4 S3 M% o d* vmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得* C' p6 p, I* |& O0 I. }5 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 m9 Q$ w y2 P: z; a) Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 A3 _# B% P3 w7 @) A) m: M9 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违+ q/ D! k3 | t5 ~7 B' w9 N, \$ |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲" M5 {6 R) a$ t! z$ C6 ]2 }
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/ B5 W8 K" D9 K, A! V B% M' ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，$ l% E% H( e H w" ]
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( Z3 I& V7 D; @4 k. b" n5 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: K4 @" a9 {3 w* a4 m& h1 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 [3 i! e4 }$ Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 B" n: m* _ C+ Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。- ?& v' x, P: }9 W! ]5 a0 i. cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。& A4 T, X% v! Y @7 U: R+ I
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. Y' [' S5 Y& z. iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义+ N: d* W' y( x; R* d. \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！' y, D, M1 b6 Y3 t a4 Z/ u' K
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r2 ?6 m, b! n' Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。$ L: E5 Y |; ^4 B$ w
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: ^. [1 I4 i- P) yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述3 W6 `3 _% E% e7 k0 \# m4 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">2: c& Q% n2 C( e, R3 u9 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- k9 ^: d% w" \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊' P% ]& A- ]% ~* i8 p% W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。+ Y' w3 M, O/ ~. r. Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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" u! @5 k7 S+ [% rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。9 T* l' _, q* k1 @0 L. g/ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ v2 w) l: d: d7 B; Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ A0 G8 M& G- |, Q7 T; R* s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: f. G0 F2 I4 _8 smso-font-kerning:0pt">——& w6 Z' B) f. B' b' xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' s/ q' O4 |: M2 U7 T$ amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：0 \4 @' I$ H, e- Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; r5 d, ~% l$ r2 c# x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。* |, O% ~- N. D+ c3 [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个& t" I( A3 e5 ]! x
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/ P$ P, d# X: N8 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬3 W4 G' k( M* p: D0 j2 b |2 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为; `, ?0 m- d. f0 }1 G* k% L
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5 {4 T; R4 S( fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。, e% M0 \/ |% Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的) M* J0 H f5 w6 @* t/ |5 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 t1 T! C5 g4 I( _+ o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺3 i& O! T! i% n+ ?: A$ Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ m6 D! C- E( j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思# [0 H& v2 n1 ~) V( S; Q
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