; }2 j) G9 t0 ^+ Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, . K" N+ n# E3 ^8 H/ S/ [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 2 \# e/ p, H- u1 v! ~( O
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"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, % F% ^+ M! L9 u! s! f8 P
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,- O5 }: b2 \8 e% z
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"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,9 s. b7 x. g0 o
# j% s: t& e9 t/ Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, 6 K7 I* n% v# h4 }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, - ?( m: e* F6 c, [
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& N5 a2 X* j8 w# J" d8 _"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 2 U2 f, ]8 N) c* F( bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, ! f5 J4 i( p6 x) ~! i1 ?( s
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 . S- ]# P; ~6 D
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 9 j0 Y Y1 q5 v7 G }" n
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, ! b) R' J+ K) k* T
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ $ |+ b) U7 ]2 w9 [7 {( B9 p+ R宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” ( q6 q& c, I. Q/ F8 O5 f
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, ) ^) h8 h u& t1 L$ }" z
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"Times New Roman"">前者为因, - j* a& v# {! N* J- \: X
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, + O+ `$ U; Y7 h3 F, v! r9 x0 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( i6 [+ [2 v$ e) x5 a
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,& q4 m2 I, M @' G$ d" T, I \
) l4 c5 ^7 J+ l$ V% zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, ( W: U6 j* @. M) [
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, " E5 T0 O }4 H$ g- b( q" U0 H
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"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, ! u: L, U. P* n
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: - @0 q3 p5 _7 i4 `- x" O% t/ Z
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' Q9 |+ G" N R/ _0 o"Times New Roman"">“ ) ]8 a! F0 B! M3 V3 B D: z% Z" o
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? . x) Q! O* ?# x U: B8 P, \/ x0 A
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” % ^$ J8 B# b( S! ?
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, , C+ `: d. [2 v2 a7 g5 x0 |; Y" E) H
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 ' Z. p. x4 l+ R) v/ d0 Y% A# F2 o宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, / b$ L5 I% S2 U$ Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 w; [; K6 P( C- S, y
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,1 _' p H% x6 \) z: B
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, # K5 P9 v6 i: i
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3 z0 c. c4 d9 z" m ^"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 6 f( F6 W J2 e4 d4 w; W
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 ( @2 P6 \2 u8 W7 U i. h9 @
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里8 A; M. I. q9 V$ z2 L. {5 O" h
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 / b: Q; d l# i+ a& {
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), $ O* P! N' n/ x$ s* _9 w, T
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"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用" F8 }9 f& o2 H3 V# ~; b; a( R12.0pt">, , b/ x* L6 U# B& [: w
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, 7 g0 U- H: c* Z1 `$ U( H+ }& \
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"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, # _, y; U3 m7 q9 U# r% mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!( H, ]* B2 T/ m, @! t0 H# m. b& {' Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 1 Z7 A# m% v4 V4 v! ~
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
L( q6 l+ x; q, J"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: 7 t, Y6 b: ^& g/ G/ t# Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, 4 Y' F8 B/ }& j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, ! Y4 Q0 w5 D; T8 [7 \
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"Times New Roman"">“ 7 B7 f& p, z, |" ?% r
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, 7 ]2 v% Z0 T2 c$ ?9 e. J宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 7 ^& o( ?" i; u: W5 v; Y* n
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' l, X) Z) Q$ T"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, * z# |8 _8 w, u, \& P( Wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, 8 z9 W3 U& M( k% t- M宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, # k8 x/ E$ R$ H% {9 S8 \. ~
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 D3 {9 g* f( `" @"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 8 D; Y9 {6 [6 j$ k: e; O
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 0 H, e# y* |; O# g宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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. v) m" C' Z$ ^+ ~, r; e, N宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, + m2 j# I' P @+ m" Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 X% Z' x- o0 h! ?2 ~5 d# ~
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
9 X) ?9 ]- o6 i- n3 B3 c" N8 l+ r; W- u; Omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, ) q5 m/ y$ w' R3 h( } U& c2 \- p$ Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. Q1 `: e" S7 `. V2 A- d8 {"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,* e M+ I) o# j: d+ e. `
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, & e& z7 |; d# k3 e% ]* ~* F. ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% Z; @) l! ]9 S3 j- f* u
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题/ N" L8 R) K$ @1 I. G. U. Z! J6 ~12.0pt">: ! f( A+ o. I) s* V/ J* {
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: . f. C5 ~# g( H* D& w H& G
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5 d3 Q6 X" q# ?8 e"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才2 G5 H& e. A3 n1 v. K8 \. z
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4 H! U: l) `6 ?& n"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 2 n4 a# N' T, L: H/ k! j
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, ' y! [ k+ {# A: |& w
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题$ {. i* I* e$ Y( w7 |, p( n0 g12.0pt">; 9 n; E* M" J4 }3 ~! u"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, * h; S! \/ S, x$ h
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求1 | f1 P7 a5 o; A, h) z
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; ?% V; X8 o& s. A8 c% G* ]7 [
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, $ V8 }/ U; Z: ^5 C- Q8 N8 c' ?
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"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统- {: l- w/ y4 p& T: Q12.0pt">:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ - h& B/ F, A1 }0 i宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” + m- E2 |1 P1 k# F, d( ?4 d$ b/ r宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 " F: B/ i9 w2 s! s+ D+ e4 A& X
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> - u+ J$ e" U! U Z# } o
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, - g' e2 a; h. F& l" C4 R/ Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* ^, U# t4 X! Z; a% [. b"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 9 k( P6 [$ E g$ \$ v+ c F7 b宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 1 Q1 P' f5 M6 |* _ J! W
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"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
) |: N/ }( ]8 Y6 x+ w9 t7 F$ G M- D: x2 b1 Lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, , E* a, I6 A# k/ h4 c
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 z7 r+ C8 b/ v5 B. m& G"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, $ T0 f/ P9 x; h1 d" s; S# q& m
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 7 S0 |' B9 j) B5 g* h4 p
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: ; y9 F7 g( A7 Q2 }6 A4 L* dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, n a/ w% N0 _
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, : m1 L5 t$ J% H. ^$ Y/ Wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, / u0 g8 _0 c2 W& \8 E+ f
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/ q- o8 c( E$ @4 i7 L! D1 Z6 K3 ^+ m"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, $ l0 b5 e4 @) B; d$ D9 C
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 9 I4 R. E3 {+ O9 W% m& f
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,% ~$ z1 L8 V4 o; W% i6 S1 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 F% u" q+ N, q' D$ m$ ^) ?$ S
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定0 _( I* Z5 ?6 E6 ~, I4 W12.0pt">, 1 }% V5 }+ P/ l"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 6 e! t, D" K: v7 b( `$ x
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"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:5 m( B$ L$ J' o' D- cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, : [- P+ i$ i+ Y. G4 U- y( P; D宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, + u" V% Y+ |: j8 ^' zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 h5 n1 a+ {" V/ y0 d4 M
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, ; [, D! G$ G4 c+ @3 Vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, + y; ^) C) t* f6 m7 `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& F6 e) c. ?0 |+ n0 w3 V2 |, {"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 4 y, J) V: d6 T1 r) I
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 1 [8 r2 a, H* i. ^+ F' Q/ ?6 M) W
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, : L! p2 E- c& p6 u1 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# r. r7 J+ _ C- u5 b* L9 _
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者:王华俊 |