漫谈秘书写作的逻辑结构
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点”</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑”</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">前者为因</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">: </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">“</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">? </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">”</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">:
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">40 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">7 <st1:chmetcnv unitname="公里" sourcevalue="19" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">19 <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span lang="EN-US">公里</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花</span>2.70 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">(</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">), </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:
12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">!</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">: </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">“</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”</span><span style="font-size:
12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难”</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:
12.0pt">: </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">: </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:
12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">; </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:
12.0pt">; </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:
12.0pt">: </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">; </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:
12.0pt">:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发”</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></p>**** Hidden Message *****<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">: </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:
12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">: </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">王华俊</span></p><p></p>
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